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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Открытое образование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Open Education</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-4243</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2079-5939</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/1818-4243-2026-1-15-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oo-1163</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEW TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генеративный ИИ в высшем образовании: условия поддержки метакогнитивной регуляции студентов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Generative AI in Higher Education: Conditions for Supporting Students’ Metacognitive Regulation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2787-9002</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зильберман</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zilberman</surname><given-names>Nadezhda N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Надежда Николаевна Зильберман, к.ф.н., доцент кафедры гуманитарных проблем информатики философского ф-та,</p><p>Томск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda N. Zilberman, Cand. Sci. (Philological), Associate Professor of the Department of Humanitarian Problems of Informatics at the Faculty of Philosophy,</p><p>Tomsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zilberman@ido.tsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Томский государственный университет (национальный исследовательский)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tomsk State University (National Research University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зильберман Н.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зильберман Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zilberman N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://openedu.rea.ru/jour/article/view/1163">https://openedu.rea.ru/jour/article/view/1163</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Настоящая статья направлена на выявление и системный анализ двойственных эффектов и рисков, связанных с использованием генеративного искусственного интеллекта (ГИИ) в высшем образовании, с особым акцентом на его влияние на метакогнитивные навыки студентов. Цель работы – определить педагогические условия, при которых ГИИ выступает не как замена когнитивной активности, а как целенаправленный инструмент поддержки метакогнитивной регуляции, включающей три её ключевых компонента: планирование, мониторинг и оценку собственного обучения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Работа основана на систематическом анализе эмпирических работ, опубликованных в период с 2023 по 2025 год, включая как количественные, так и качественные исследования в области педагогики, когнитивной психологии и образовательных технологий. В работе применены методы теоретического обобщения, синтеза и структурного анализа научной литературы. В качестве теоретической основы использована модель метакогнитивной регуляции Дж. Флавелла и концепция самоуправляемого обучения Б. Дж. Циммермана, дополненная положениями теории распределённого познания. Результаты. Анализ выявил фундаментальную двойственность влияния ГИИ: с одной стороны, он способен способствовать развитию метакогнитивных навыков через структурированную поддержку, сократическое взаимодействие и рефлексивный диалог; с другой – провоцировать такие негативные явления, как «метакогнитивная лень», ложная самоэффективность и когнитивная пассивность. На основе проведённого синтеза предложена аналитическая рамка, включающая четыре ключевых условия эффективной интеграции ГИИ: (1) чёткое определение функциональной роли ИИ (коуч, оппонент, наставник, фасилитатор и др.); (2) привязка взаимодействия к конкретному компоненту метакогнитивной регуляции; (3) обязательная рефлексивная компонента; (4) обучение промпт-инженерии как метакогнитивному навыку. Разработана типология возможных педагогических стратегий, дифференцированных по трём компонентам регуляции: (1) планирование – ИИ как коуч по обучению; (2) мониторинг – ИИ как «зеркало понимания» или инструмент сравнительного анализа; (3) оценка – ИИ как генератор контраргументов или фасилитатор метадискуссии.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Генеративный ИИ сам по себе не несёт однозначного риска или пользы для метакогнитивного развития, его эффект определяется исключительно педагогическим контекстом интеграции. Ключевым условием продуктивного использования является переосмысление роли ИИ как динамичного партнёра по обучению, а не как инструмента автоматизации мышления. Автор призывает к развитию экспериментальной, рефлексивной и диалоговой культуры внедрения ГИИ, ориентированной на сохранение и укрепление когнитивной автономии студентов как фундаментальной цели современного образования. Такой подход предполагает не просто техническое освоение ИИ, а формирование у учащихся критической осознанности, готовности к метауровневому анализу собственных когнитивных стратегий и ответственности за собственный познавательный процесс.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study. This article aims to identify and systematically analyze the dual effects and risks associated with the use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in higher education, with a specific focus on its impact on students’ metacognitive skills. The study seeks to define the pedagogical conditions under which GenAI functions not as a replacement for cognitive engagement, but as a purposeful instrument for supporting metacognitive regulation – encompassing its three core components: planning, monitoring, and evaluation of one’s own learning.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study is grounded in a systematic review of empirical research published between 2023 and 2025, including both quantitative and qualitative studies from the fields of pedagogy, cognitive psychology, and educational technologies. Theoretical generalization, synthesis, and structural analysis of scholarly literature were employed in the paper. The theoretical framework draws on J. Flavell’s model of metacognitive regulation and G. Zimmerman’s theory of self-regulated learning, further enriched by insights from distributed cognition theory. Results. The analysis revealed a fundamental duality in GenAI’s influence: on the one hand, it can foster metacognitive development through structured support, socratical interaction, and reflective dialogue; on the other hand, it can provoke such negative phenomena as “metacognitive laziness,” false self-efficacy, and cognitive passivity. Based on the conducted synthesis, an analytical framework is proposed that includes four key conditions for the effective integration of GenAI: (1) explicit definition of the AI’s functional role (coach, opponent, mentor, facilitator, etc.); (2) linking interaction to a specific component of metacognitive regulation; (3) a mandatory reflective component; and (4) teaching prompt engineering as a metacognitive skill. A typology of possible pedagogical strategies is developed, differentiated by three components of regulation: (1) planning – AI as a training coach; (2) monitoring – AI as a “mirror of understanding” or a tool for comparative analysis; and (3) evaluation – AI as a counterargument generator or a facilitator of meta-discussion.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Generative AI itself does not carry an unequivocal risk or benefit for metacognitive development; its effect is determined solely by the pedagogical context of integration. The crucial condition for productive use is a reconceptualization of AI’s role – not as a tool for automating thought, but as a dynamic learning partner. The author advocates for cultivating an experimental, reflective, and dialogic culture of GenAI implementation, one centered on preserving and strengthening students’ cognitive autonomy as a foundational goal of contemporary higher education. This approach entails more than mere technical proficiency with AI; it requires fostering students’ critical awareness, readiness for meta-level analysis of their own cognitive strategies, and a sense of responsibility for their learning process.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генеративный искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>метакогнитивная регуляция</kwd><kwd>высшее образование</kwd><kwd>промпт-инженерия</kwd><kwd>педагогический дизайн</kwd><kwd>метакогнитивная лень</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>generative artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>metacognitive regulation</kwd><kwd>higher education</kwd><kwd>prompt engineering</kwd><kwd>instructional design</kwd><kwd>metacognitive laziness</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wass R., Rogers T., Brown K., Smith-Han K., Tagg J., Berg D., &amp; Gallagher S. 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