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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Открытое образование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Open Education</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-4243</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2079-5939</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/1818-4243-2017-2-4-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oo-392</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODICAL MAINTENANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Учебный проект робота, управляющего автомобилем</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The class project of cyber-driver</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокоумов</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokoumov</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер-исследователь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>engineer-researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petr.sorokoumov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт», Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сорокоумов П.С., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сорокоумов П.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sorokoumov P.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://openedu.rea.ru/jour/article/view/392">https://openedu.rea.ru/jour/article/view/392</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель данной работы – описать учебный проект для школьников старших классов по созданию робота-водителя, позволяющий обучать их программированию, схемотехнике, началам робототехники в процессе решения практически важных и интересных с научной точки зрения задач. При широком разнообразии современных человекоподобных роботов программные средства для них зачастую недостаточно качественны. Некоторые действия, выполняемые животными и людьми просто и без раздумий, например движение по неровной местности или подъем по лестнице, для биоподобных роботов очень сложны, требуют тонких настроек и могут привести к серьёзным авариям при ошибках. Аналогичная ситуация складывается с восприятием роботов: для повседневных задач распознавания образов и анализа сцен требуются сложные алгоритмы и огромные ресурсы. Однако, можно избежать многих проблем, если применить в робототехнике биологически инспирированные модели. Моделирование движений роботов путем копирования движений людей на практике используется часто. Однако, полное воспроизведение роботом работы центральных моторных программ человека может облегчить разработку систем управления и их проверку. Учебный проект позволяет школьникам сделать первые шаги в работе по этому перспективному направлению науки и техники. Кроме того, системы восприятия также могут более полно воспроизводить работу зрительных систем, что позволит лучше структурировать системы компьютерного зрения и облегчит их разработку. В качестве примера применения метода биоподобия учащимся предлагалось создать систему, способную управлять моделью автомобиля. В результате выполнения проекта школьники смогли освоить работу с андроидным роботом, способным манипулировать органами управления транспортными средствами (рычагами, рулевым колесом и кнопками), а также мобильной платформой для этого робота. Разработанная модель учебного робота YARP-3 позволяет легко вносить изменения в конструкцию, поощряяя творчество учащихся. Программное обеспечение позволяет системе самостоятельно выполнять часть задач водителя (распознавание элементов управления автомобилем, распознавание некоторых видов препятствий, движение без столкновений). Проект разработан с учётом специфических для робототехники особенностей: междисциплинарности и соревновательности; он допускает внесение изменений как в математические формулировки поставленных задач, так и в методы реализации программных и аппаратных средств. Кроме того, в работе приводятся некоторые соображения по организации других обучающих робототехнических проектов, способных заинтересовать учащихся техническим творчеством.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article describes a class project of cyber-driver, i.e. an android robot controlling a mobile platform. This project can be used both to teach high-school students in programming, hardware design and foundations of robotic science by solving some important and scientifically interesting tasks. Despite the great number of modern android robotics systems, their software controlling systems often have serious issues. Such actions as rough terrain movement or stairs climbing can be performed simply and accurately by both humans and animals but not by biosimilar robots. The traditional systems in these cases demand many complex and precise settings to perform such movements and nevertheless they remain very vulnerable to random factors. In robotic perception models the situation is similar: casual human tasks as image recognition or scene analysis need complex algorithms and huge computer resources if performed by robots. Biologically-inspired models can improve matters in robotic science. Human movement copying is often used for solving this problem in practice but it does not allow copying considerable aspects of movement controlling in nervous system. Both controlling quality and testing quality for the aforementioned tasks can be essentially improved if the robot uses techniques similar to central motor programs of human. This project helps students to study this important domain. Besides, robotic perception can imitate biological systems more closely. Such biologically-inspired perception models give structure to computer vision systems and allow developing these systems quicker. The cyber-driver project is an example of biologically-inspired educational system. The system proposed consists of android robot that can manipulate levers, wheels and buttons, and mobile robotic platform. Educational robotic platform YARP-3 allows easy modification of constructing arms and grippers encouraging students’ creativity. The software of the robot can automatically perform some of the driver’s tasks (indicators recognition, obstacle avoiding and movement without collisions). The project uses some key features of robotic science, which are interdisciplinarity and competitive spirit, to improve students’ experience. The project’s architecture allows modifications in both mathematical and practical aspects of the result system’s description. Besides that, some extra suggestions about project-based inquiry in robotics are made.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биоподобные технологии</kwd><kwd>андроидная робототехника</kwd><kwd>учебный проект</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biosimilar technologies</kwd><kwd>android robotics</kwd><kwd>class project</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Давыдова-Мартынова Е.И., Зюзюкова М.О. Возможности современной школы: проектно-исследовательская деятельность как средство формирования ключевых компетенций. Открытое образование. 2016; (5): 61–67. 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