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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Открытое образование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Open Education</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-4243</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2079-5939</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/1818-4243-2017-3-57-65</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oo-413</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>УЧЕБНЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение инструментов для работы со знаниями в обучении на основе решения проблем: методология и ИТ-поддержка</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of knowledge tools in training, based on problems’ solving: methodology and it support</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцев</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavtsev</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">dmitry.ku@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костоусов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostousov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">sergkosto94@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Высшая Школа Менеджмента Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кудрявцев Д.В., Костоусов С.А., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кудрявцев Д.В., Костоусов С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kudryavtsev D.V., Kostousov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://openedu.rea.ru/jour/article/view/413">https://openedu.rea.ru/jour/article/view/413</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью работы является разработка методологии применения инструментов для работы со знаниями в проблемно-ориентированном обучении, которая будет использована для формирования соответствующей информационно-образовательной среды. Актуальность работы обусловлена важностью проблемно-ориентированного обучения, а также возникновением множества инструментов и технологий для получения, структурирования и передачи знаний. Традиционное образование ориентируется на передачу знаний в основном в рамках изучаемой области, однако меньше внимания уделяется развитию общих метакогнитивных способностей, в том числе решению проблем. При проблемно-ориентированном обучении получение знаний происходит за счет взаимодействия с окружающим миром и выработки собственных суждений. Эта образовательная методика известна давно, но наша цель заключается в поддержке этого процесса за счет использования инструментов для работы со знаниями на разных этапах решения проблем. Развитие доступности информации в XXI веке обуславливает необходимость продуцирования собственных знаний в процессе обучения, а не просто передачи информации. Компьютер должен использоваться как универсальное средство для работы со знаниями, с помощью которого происходит изучение мира, получение информации, организация и структурирование своих собственных знаний и представление их другим людям. В работе приведен теоретический обзор предыдущих исследований и текущего состояния в области проблемно-ориентированного обучения и работы со знаниями. Нами исследованы инструменты по работе со знаниями на основе нескольких классификаций и выбраны наиболее подходящие из них для поддержки обучения на основе решения проблем. Предложено распределение инструментов работы со знаниями по этапам процесса решения проблем. Нами был рассмотрен вопрос применения компьютерных средств и варианты создания информационной образовательной среды для реализации предложенных идей проблемно-ориентированного обучения и работы со знаниями. Более детально рассмотрен вариант реализации информационной образовательной среды на основе открытой системы электронного обучения MOODLE и шаблонов интеграции на примере общедоступных плагинов. Возможности использования предлагаемого подхода продемонстрированы на реальных примерах. Демонстрация подхода включает внедрение выдвинутых предложений в курсы для школьников и студентов университета. Апробацию и предварительные результаты внедрения можно считать положительными, однако обоснование эффекта от предложенного подхода требует более полной и тщательной оценки, чему посвящены дальнейшие исследования. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The development of information accessibility in the 21st century necessitates the production of own knowledge in the learning process, and not justthe transfer of information. The computer should be used as a universal tool for working with knowledge, which is the study of the world, information obtaining, the organization and structuring of their own knowledge and presentation to other people. The aim of the work is to develop a methodology for the use of tools for working with knowledge in problem-based learning, which will be used to form an appropriate information and educational environment. The relevance of the paper is due to the importance of problem-based learning, as well as the emergence of many tools and technologies for obtaining, structuring and transferring knowledge. Traditional education focuses on the transfer of knowledge mainly in the study area, but less attention is paid to the development of common metacognitive abilities, including problems’ solving. With problem-based learning, knowledge is acquired through interaction with the surrounding world and the development of one’s own judgments. This educational methodology has been known for a long time, but our goal is to support this process by using tools for working with knowledge at different stages of problems’ solving. The paper provides a theoretical overview of previous studies and the current state of the problem-based learning area and work with knowledge. We have studied knowledge management tools based on several classifications and selected the most suitable ones to support problem-based learning. The distribution of work tools with knowledge on the stages of the problemsolving process is proposed. We have considered the use of computer tools and options for creating an informational educational environment for implementing the proposed ideas of problem-based learning and working with knowledge. A more detailed consideration is given to the implementation of the information educational environment based on the open system of e-learning MOODLE and integration templates using public plug-ins as an example. The possibilities of using the proposed approach are demonstrated on real examples. Demonstration of the approach includes the introduction of proposals in the courses for pupils and students of the University. Approbation and preliminary results of implementation can be considered positive, but the justification of the effect from the proposed approach requires a more detailed assessment, which further studies are devoted to.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обучение на основе решения проблем</kwd><kwd>инструменты знаний</kwd><kwd>инженерия знаний</kwd><kwd>технологии расширенного обучения</kwd><kwd>образовательная среда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>problem-based learning</kwd><kwd>knowledge tools</kwd><kwd>knowledge management</kwd><kwd>technology-enhanced learning</kwd><kwd>learning environment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Искренко Э.В., Полтон Т.А. Проблемно-ориентированное обучение: особенности методики преподавания в Великобритании (на примере St. GeorgeuniversityofLondon, greatBritain). 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