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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Открытое образование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Open Education</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-4243</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2079-5939</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/1818-4243-2017-4-13-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oo-423</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODICAL MAINTENANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение методов интеллектуального анализа данных для реализации рефлексивной адаптации в системах e-learning</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Data mining methods application in reflexive adaptation realization in e-learning systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бождай</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bozhday</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.т.н., профессор кафедры «Системы автоматизированного проектирования» Пензенский государственный университет, Пенза, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), professor of the department «Computer Aided Design» Penza State University, Penza, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bozhday@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евсеева</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evseeva</surname><given-names>Y. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.т.н., ассистент кафедры «Системы автоматизированного проектирования» Пензенский государственный университет, Пенза, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), assistant of the department «Computer Aided Design» Penza State University, Penza, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shymoda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudkov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.т.н., доцент кафедры «Системы автоматизированного проектирования» Пензенский государственный университет, Пенза, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), associate professor of the department «Computer Aided Design» Penza State University, Penza, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexei.gudkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пензенский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Penza State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бождай А.С., Евсеева Ю.И., Гудков А.А., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бождай А.С., Евсеева Ю.И., Гудков А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bozhday A.S., Evseeva Y.I., Gudkov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://openedu.rea.ru/jour/article/view/423">https://openedu.rea.ru/jour/article/view/423</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние годы технологии электронного обучения (e-learning) стремительно набирают обороты в своем развитии. В связи с этим актуальными становятся вопросы, связанные с повышением качества программного обеспечения виртуальных образовательных систем: увеличение срока непрерывной эксплуатации программ, повышение их надежности и гибкости.Перечисленные характеристики напрямую зависят от способности программной системы адаптироваться к изменениям в предметной области, условиям внешней среды и особенностям пользователей. В ряде случаев такая способность сводится к своевременной оптимизации программой собственных интерфейсов и структур данных. В настоящее время известно несколько подходов к созданию механизмов самооптимизации программных систем, но все они отличаются недостаточной степенью формализованности и, как следствие, универсальности. Целью данной работы является разработка основ технологии самооптимизации программных систем в составе e-learning.В основе предлагаемой технологии лежит сформулированный и формализованный принцип рефлексивной адаптации программного обеспечения, применимый к широкому классу программных систем и основанный на выявления новых знаний в поведенческой продукции системы.Для решения поставленной задачи применялись методы интел- лектуального анализа данных. Интеллектуальный анализ данных позволяет находить закономерности в функционировании программных систем, которые могут быть неочевидными на этапе их разработки. Нахождение таких закономерностей и последующий их анализ позволят реорганизовать структуру системы более оптимальным образом и без вмешательства человека, что позволит продлить жизненный цикл программного обеспечения и снизить затраты на его сопровождение. Достижение данного эффекта имеет важность для систем e-learning, поскольку они являются достаточно дорогостоящими.К основным результатам работы следует отнести: предложенную классификацию механизмов адаптации программного обеспечения, учитывающую новейшие тенденции в IT-сфере в целом и сфере e-learning в частности; формулирование и формализацию принципа рефлексивной адаптации в программных системах, применимого к широкому классу прикладных программ; разработку универсального архитектурного шаблона программной системы, ориентированной на реструктуризацию в процессе эксплуатации; алгоритм самооптимизации пользовательского интерфейса программной системы на основе методов интеллектуального анализа данных.Разработка теоретических основ автоматической реорганизации программного обеспечения e-learning позволит повысить гибкость виртуальной образовательной среды и увеличить срок ее непрерывной эксплуатации. В отличие от существующих аналогов, предлагаемые в статье методы являются универсальными и применимы к широкому классу прикладных программ. Данное обстоятельство является актуальным для систем электронного обучения, поскольку входящие в их состав подсистемы могут иметь различный тип и назначение (например, компонентами одной системы могут быть виртуальные тренажеры и информационно-библиотечное обеспечение).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, e-learning technologies are rapidly gaining momentum in their evolution. In this regard, issues related to improving the quality of software for virtual educational systems are becoming topical: increasing the period of exploitation of programs, increasing their reliability and flexibility. The above characteristics directly depend on the ability of the software system to adapt to changes in the domain, environment and user characteristics. In some cases, this ability is reduced to the timely optimization of the program’s own interfaces and data structure. At present, several approaches to creating mechanisms for self-optimization of software systems are known, but all of them have an insufficient degree of formalization and, as a consequence, weak universality. The purpose of this work is to develop the basics of the technology of self-optimization of software systems in the structure of e-learning. The proposed technology is based on the formulated and formalized principle of reflexive adaptation of software, applicable to a wide class of software systems and based on the discovery of new knowledge in the behavioral products of the system.To solve this problem, methods of data mining were applied. Data mining allows finding regularities in the functioning of software systems, which may not be obvious at the stage of their development. Finding such regularities and their subsequent analysis will make it possible to reorganize the structure of the system in a more optimal way and without human intervention, which will prolong the life cycle of the software and reduce the costs of its maintenance. Achieving this effect is important for e-learning systems, since they are quite expensive.The main results of the work include: the proposed classification of software adaptation mechanisms, taking into account the latest trends in the IT field in general and in the field of e-learning in particular; Formulation and formalization of the principle of reflexive adaptation in software systems applicable to a wide class of applied programs; The development of a universal architectural template of the software system, oriented to restructuring in the process of operation; Algorithm for self-optimization of the user interface of the software system based on methods of data mining.The development of the theoretical basis for the automatic reorganization of e-learning software will increase the flexibility of the virtual educational environment and increase the period of its exploitation. Unlike existing analogues, the methods proposed in the article are universal and applicable to a wide class of applied programs. This is relevant for e-learning systems, because their may have a different types and purposes (for example, virtual simulators and information library software may be components of one system).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>адаптация</kwd><kwd>виртуальная образовательная среда</kwd><kwd>e-learning</kwd><kwd>информационные системы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Adaptation</kwd><kwd>virtual educational environment</kwd><kwd>e-learning</kwd><kwd>information systems</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 15-07-01553.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keromytis A.D. 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