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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Открытое образование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Open Education</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-4243</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2079-5939</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/1818-4243-2020-5-47-62</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oo-750</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ СРЕДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Доступность массовых открытых онлайн курсов по компьютерным наукам и программированию для лиц с ограниченными возможностями здоровья</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Accessibility of Massive Open Online Courses in Computer Sciences and Programming for Persons with Disabilities</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9373</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Екатерина Алексеевна Косова – кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры прикладной математики,</p><p>РИНЦ Author Id: 731338</p><p>Симферополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Kosova – Cand. Sci. (Pedagogy), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Applied Mathematics</p><p>Simferopol</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lynx99@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-3849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гапон</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gapon</surname><given-names>A S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александра Сергеевна Гапон – студент</p><p>Симферополь</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandra S. Gapon – Student</p><p>Simferopol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gapon-sasha@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3535-7336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Редкокош</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Redkokosh</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирилл Игоревич Редкокош – студент</p><p>Симферополь</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill I. Redkokosh – Student</p><p>Simferopol</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirillf13@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Таврическая академия Крымского федерального университета им. В. И. Вернадского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Taurida Academy of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Косова Е.А., Гапон А.С., Редкокош К.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Косова Е.А., Гапон А.С., Редкокош К.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kosova E.A., Gapon A.S., Redkokosh K.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://openedu.rea.ru/jour/article/view/750">https://openedu.rea.ru/jour/article/view/750</self-uri><abstract><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценка доступности русскоязычных массовых открытых онлайн курсов (МООК) по компьютерным дисциплинам и программированию. Результаты исследований последних лет показывают, что МООК имеют множественные нарушения веб-доступности, как со стороны платформ, так и со стороны авторского контента. Доступность МООК по компьютерным дисциплинам и программированию до настоящего времени не оценивалась. В то же время, специфика онлайн-курсов по программированию требует повышенного внимания к веб-доступности контента для лиц с ограниченными возможностями здоровья, особенно в части программного кода.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Отбор МООК осуществлялся в июле 2020 года путем просмотра каталогов платформ с русскоязычным контентом. Автоматический анализ веб-доступности выполнялся с помощью онлайн-инструмента WAVE. Для экспертного анализа использовали чек-листы доступности с кватернальной системой оценки по 69 признакам. Тремя экспертами оценивалась общая доступность платформ, доступность видеолекций, цифровых документов, тестов и программного кода.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Обнаружено 65 курсов по компьютерным дисциплинам (Coursera – 32, Stepik – 33). Все курсы имеют нарушения веб-доступности. Наибольшее количество недостатков относится к общей доступности платформ. В результате автоматической и экспертной проверок зафиксированы следующие нарушения: низкий контраст между фоном и текстом; ошибки навигации, связанные с отсутствием меток в атрибутах; пустые ссылки и кнопки; отсутствие альтернативного текста для ссылок и изображений; ошибки идентификации форм; отсутствие пользовательских настроек веб-страницы; погрешности в клавиатурном доступе к медиаплеерам; нарушения структуры и логики прочтения страницы, создающие проблемы воспроизведения вспомогательными технологиями и текстовыми браузерами. Нарушения, обнаруженные в авторском контенте, связаны с некомпетентностью в области веб-доступности авторов и разработчиков МООК. Наиболее часто встречаются следующие ошибки: отсутствие конспектов лекций, эквивалентных видеоряду; некорректная формулировка гиперссылок; отсутствие программно определенной структуры документа; использование в тексте фрагментов, которые нельзя воспроизвести программой экранного доступа. Вспомогательные технологии практически всегда воспроизводят программный код с ошибками и пропусками, а встроенные компиляторы имеют нарушения доступности визуального интерфейса и обратной связи.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Для повышения веб-доступности МООК по компьютерным дисциплинам и программированию необходимо соблюдать следующие рекомендации: 1) исправить общие ошибки доступности платформ и привести контент уже опубликованных МООК в соответствие с требованиями веб-доступности Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1; 2) допускать к публикации на платформах только те курсы, которые прошли процедуру оценки веб-доступности; 3) обучать лиц, причастных к производству МООК, основам веб-доступности и разрабатывать новые курсы согласно положениям WCAG 2.1; 4) уделить внимание созданию эргономичных компиляторов, согласно требованиям к доступному программному обеспечению и инструментам веб-разработки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose of research</title><p>Purpose of research. The work deals with accessibility assessment of the Russian-language massive open online courses (MOOCs) in computer science and programming. Recent studies show that MOOCs have multiple web accessibility mistakes, both from the side of the platform and/or the authors’ content. The accessibility of MOOCs in computer science and programming has not been studied yet. At the same time, the specifics of online courses on programming require greater attention to the web content accessibility for persons with disabilities, especially in a program code.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The selection of MOOCs was carried out in July 2020 by browsing catalogs of platforms with Russian-language content. Automatic web accessibility analysis was performed using the WAVE online tool. Checklists with a quaternary assessment system for 69 features were utilized for the expert accessibility analysis. Three experts evaluated overall accessibility of the platforms, accessibility of video lectures, digital documents, tests and program code. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. 65 MOOCs in computer science and programming were found (Coursera 32, Stepik 33). All courses have web accessibility mistakes. Most of the errors are related to the common accessibility of the platforms. As a result of the automatic and expert checks, the following errors were found: low contrast between the background and the text; navigation errors related to the missing labels in attributes; empty links and buttons; lack of alternative text for links and images; form identification errors; lack of custom web page settings; errors in keyboard access to media players; errors of the page structure and page reading logic, creating playback problems by assistive technologies and text browsers. Errors in authors’ content are related to the incompetence of the MOOCs authors and developers in the field of web accessibility. The most common mistakes are: lack of lecture notes that are equivalent to video; incorrect wording of hyperlinks; lack of software-defined structure of the documents; the use of fragments in the content unreadable by the screen reader. Assistive technology almost always reproduces the code with errors and gaps, and embedded compilers have impaired access to the visual interface and feedback.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. To improve the web accessibility of the MOOCs in computer science and programming, the following steps should be carried out: 1) common platform accessibility errors should be fixed and the content of the published MOOCs should be brought in line with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1; 2) only those courses should admit for publication on platforms, that have passed the web accessibility assessment procedure; 3) MOOCs’ production teams should be trained in the basics of web accessibility and develop new courses in accordance with WCAG 2.1; 4) attention should be paid to the creation of ergonomic compilers in accordance with the requirements for accessible software and web development tools.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>МООК</kwd><kwd>электронное обучение</kwd><kwd>компьютерные дисциплины</kwd><kwd>программирование</kwd><kwd>лица с ограниченными возможностями здоровья</kwd><kwd>веб-доступность</kwd><kwd>WCAG 2.1</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>MOOC</kwd><kwd>e-learning</kwd><kwd>computer disciplines</kwd><kwd>programming</kwd><kwd>persons with disabilities</kwd><kwd>web accessibility</kwd><kwd>WCAG 2.1</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skills of the Future: 10 Skills You’ll Need to Thrive in 2020. 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