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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">oo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Открытое образование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Open Education</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-4243</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2079-5939</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/1818-4243-2023-4-29-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">oo-975</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ СРЕДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дискуссионная подготовка будущих инженеров в виртуальной образовательной среде: опыт эмпирического исследования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Digital Transformation of the Higher Education  System: Directions and Risks</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михеев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikheev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Александрович Михеев – старший преподаватель</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei A. Mikheev - Senior Lecturer</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">omega1978@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil &#13;
Engineering<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Михеев С.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Михеев С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikheev S.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://openedu.rea.ru/jour/article/view/975">https://openedu.rea.ru/jour/article/view/975</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Процессы сетевизации и социотехнической трансформации инженерной деятельности в постиндустриальном обществе, требуют подготовки технических специалистов, обладающих сформированной дискуссионной компетенцией (ДК) и отличными навыками online-коммуникаций. Принимая во внимание указанные тенденции была сформулирована цель настоящей работы, заключающаяся в оценке результативности разработанной нами модели формирования дискуссионной компетенции студентов технических вузов в виртуальной образовательной среде. Материалы и методы. Педагогический эксперимент проводился на базе двух новосибирских вузов: архитектурно-строительного (НГАСУ) и технического (НГТУ) университетов на общей выборке испытуемых ( бакалавры 2–3 курса) в 350 ч.: 296 ч. НГАСУ, 54 ч. НГТУ. Реализация эксперимента осуществлялась в три этапа: констатирующий – апробация инструментария, фиксация проблемы и уточнение эмпирической гипотезы исследования; формирующий – активное использование разработанной модели для развития дискуссионных навыков у студентов НГАСУ; контрольный – оценка устойчивости модели при изменении контингента обучаемых и институциональных условий (на базе НГТУ). Для оценки сформированности ДК использовались 2 эмпирических индикатора: степень обученности, показывающий процент сформированности соответствующего компонента ДК от теоретически возможного и коэффициент качественной успеваемости, являющийся показателем готовности студента к применению полученных дискуссионных навыков в профессиональной деятельности. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Эксперимент показал, что применение в образовательном процессе технических вузов разработанной нами модели формирования дискуссионной компетенции позволило повысить степень обученности студентов на 6–31% и коэффициент качественной успеваемости на 20–60%, в зависимости от формируемого компонента ДК. В результате доля студентов, готовых к самостоятельному применению дискуссионных навыков в профессиональной деятельности, составила от 72 до 94%. Во-вторых, были выявлены ограничения (ограниченный потенциал метода дебатов в формировании социального и неоднозначность результатов по лингвистическому компоненту ДК), а также намечены перспективные пути повышения результативности (более широкое применение в синхронных online-дискуссиях методов, ориентированных на совместный поиск решений: кейс-стади, круглый стол, конструктивный конфликт; привлечение специалистов-филологов к разработке дополнительных критериев оценки лингвистического компонента ДК) созданной  модели.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В ходе исследования установлено, что реализуемая в виртуальной образовательной среде, построенная на принципе двойного чередования (синхронных и асинхронных форм online-коммуникаций, рефлексивных и развивающих обучающих ступеней) и непрерывного мониторинга на основе сетевой базы данных с интерактивной индикацией текущей успеваемости, модель формирования ДК позволяет результативно решать проблему дискуссионной подготовки будущих инженеров в условиях сетевизации и социотехнической трансформации инженерной деятельности. Выявлено наличие педагогического потенциала для дальнейшего совершенствования разработанной модели и намечен следующий этап исследования по оценке её влияния на формирование у будущих инженеров мотивационного- и рефлексивного компонентов дискуссионной компетенции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose of research</title><p>Purpose of research. The higher education system is undergoing changes under the influence of an increasing number of IT solutions used. Transformation changes take place at the organizational, technological, legal, and regulatory levels of management. Each of the directions affects the features of the functioning and development of the higher education system. In the </p><p>process of their implementation, there are also deviations, risks that need to be, if not eliminated, then at least minimized. The article describes four main directions of development: technical, technological, instrumental, and educational. The types of risks associated with each of the described areas are also highlighted.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A set of methods was used in the paper: bibliographic (selection of articles by keywords); bibliometric (quantitative characteristics by time parameters); content analysis (method of studying the content of articles); evaluation of keyword queries using Internet services.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. An analysis of queries by keywords showed that interest in the issues of digitalization and digital transformation of higher education arose later than in the system of general secondary education. There is a tendency to adapt successful models of digitalization of secondary education and business areas to the activities of the higher education system. Without considering the peculiarities of the functioning and development of the higher education system, we can get negative consequences expressed in different types of risks. The paper highlights financial, form-major, technological, operational, strategic, cognitive, and social risks.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. One of the key problems highlighted in the process of analyzing developments in the field of digital transformation of the education system is the consideration of digitalization as means, and not as a catalyst for systemic changes in all areas of activity. Point solutions will not allow you to fully realize the potential of digital solutions. When considering the problems of digitalization and digital transformation, higher education systems are often guided by successful models in the field of secondary general education and / or business environment, which can contribute to the formation of negative consequences when adapting approaches without considering their own specifics.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дискуссионная компетенция</kwd><kwd>инженерная деятельность</kwd><kwd>модель</kwd><kwd>виртуальная образовательная среда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>higher education</kwd><kwd>digitalization of education</kwd><kwd>digital transformation</kwd><kwd>risks of digital transformation</kwd><kwd>prospects for the development of higher education</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андреев А.Л. Технонаука // Философия науки и техники. 2011. № 1. 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