Metamodels of Educational and Methodological Activity in the University

Purpose of the study. Educational methodological activity plays an important role in the life of the university, on the one hand, it determines the content of the educational process and sets the direction of development, on the other hand, it requires a significant amount of time from teachers, staff and managers. Continuing changes in the system of Russian higher education are reflected in educational methodological activities. When introducing and refining higher education standards and other normative documents, the means of describing the educational process in educational and methodological documentation change. The composition of educational methodological documents and the requirements for them are changing. Such concepts as “competence”, “type of activity”, “tasks of professional activity”, “labor functions”, etc. appear and then transform. The present work aims to track the dynamics of these changes and assess the increase in the complexity of educational methodological support.
Materials and Methods. To assess the dynamics of development of educational and methodological support, we will carry out a retrospective substantive analysis of educational and methodological support for each stage of its development, starting with the first generation of state educational standards. The analysis results will be visualized with the Entity-Relationship" diagrams, which allow reflecting the main entities of the scope, their attributes and relationships. Examples of entities are: competence, professional standard, educational result (different forms of skills), topic, module, etc. Such diagrams can be interpreted as metamodels of educational and methodological support. Next, we will carry out a comparative analysis of the obtained sequence of metamodels, which will allow us to understand the dynamics of their development.
Results. A set of metamodels of educational and methodological activities was built. The dynamics of the growth of the number of entities and relationships by year was found. We also studied changes in entities and details. A set of metamodels of educational and methodological activities was built, including metamodels for the following stages: state educational standards of the first generation, second generation, federal state educational standards or the third generation, generation 3+, generation 3 ++. If the first two models are characterized by relative simplicity, then the standards of the third generation required the development of a significant number of new entities associated with competencies, and another increase in complexity is observed for generation 3 ++, which is associated with the introduction of professional standards. The dynamics of growth in the number of entities, attributes and especially relationships has been established. Over the past two decades, the number of entities that are used in the creation of educational and methodological support has increased from 9 to 32, and the number of connections between them from 12 to 45. Changes in individual entities and details were also studied as the metamodels of educational and methodological support developed.
Conclusion. Based on the results of the analysis, describing tools for the educational and methodological support tend to become considerably more sophisticated. This is reflected in the labor costs of the formation of documents, as well as the time that must be spent by teachers and staff on studying the language of description of educational and methodological documents. Thus, there are risks of the educational and methodological support quality reducing and the risk of a gap between educational and methodological documentation and the real educational process of the university.

1. Shcherbakov S.M., Klimenko A.A., Samarskaya M.V. Simulation modeling of educational and methodological activities in the university.Trudy Vos'moy vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii «Imitatsionnoye modelirovaniye. Teoriya i praktika» (IMMOD-2017) = Proceedings of the Eighth All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Simulation Modeling. Theory and Practice "(IMMOD-2017) (St. Petersburg, October 18-20, 2017). Saint Petersburg: Publishing house VVM; 2017: 565-570. (In Russ.)

2. State educational standards, model curricula and programs of higher professional education [Internet]. Arkhiv gosudarstvennykh obrazovatel'nykh standartov, primernykh uchebnykh planov i programm vysshego professional'nogo obrazovaniya = Archive of state educational standards, model curricula and programs of higher professional education. Available from: www.edu.ru/db/ portal/spe/index.htm. (In Russ.)

3. Portal Federal'nykh gosudarstvennykh obrazovatel'nykh standartov vysshego obrazovaniya = Portal of Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education. [Internet]. Available from: fgosvo.ru. (In Russ.)

4. Baydenko V.I. Standarty v nepreryvnom obrazovanii: kontseptual'nyye, teoreticheskiye i metodologicheskiye problem = Standards in Continuing Education: Conceptual, Theoretical and Methodological Problems. Moscow: Research Center for the Problems of the Quality of Training of Specialists; 1999. 296 p. (In Russ.)

5. Korolev Ye.V., Bespalov A.Ye., Agafonova V.V Educational and methodological support of educational programs. Stroitel'stvo: nauka i obrazovaniye = Construction: science and education. 2018; 8; 3: 5. (In Russ.)

6. Korchagin Ye.A., Safin R.S. Competence-based approach and the traditional view of higher education. Vyssheye obrazovaniye v Rossii = Higher education in Russia. 2016; 11(206): 47-54. (In Russ.)

7. Arkhipova Ye.N., Belgorodtseva V.O., Shakhgel'dyan K.I. Model of the curriculum of a new generation. Informatizatsiya obrazovaniya i nauki = Informatization of education and science. 2013; 2(18): 96-110. (In Russ.)

8. Miroshnichenko I.I. The structure and content of educational processes at the university as the basis for ensuring the quality of training of graduates. Innovatsii v nauke, obrazovanii i biznese – 2012. Trudy 10-y Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii = Innovations in Science, Education and Business-2012. Proceedings of the 10th International Scientific Conference (Kaliningrad, KSTU, October 2012) Kaliningrad: KSTU; 2012: 167-170. (In Russ.)

9. Shirobokova S.N., Katsupeyev A.A., Yevsin V.A. Formalized model of tools for automated formation of educational and methodological documentation based on the curriculum of the direction of training. Innovatsionnaya nauka = Innovative Science. 2016; 6(2): 171-173. (In Russ.)

10. Razrabotka sektoral'nykh ramok kvalifikatsiy: metodologiya i praktika: Monografiya = Development of sectoral qualifications frameworks: methodology and practice: Monograph –Ed. Ye.A. Mitrofanovoy, V.YA. Afanas'yeva, S.V. Chernyshenko. Moscow: GUU Publishing House, Cooper Book LLC; 2015. 234 p. (In Russ.)

11. Senashenko V.S. On the ratio of professional standards and federal state educational standards of higher education. Vyssheye obrazovaniye v Rossii = Higher education in Russia. 2015; 6: 26-31. (In Russ.)

12. Tarkhanova I.YU., Kharisova I.G. Educational technologies for the formation of universal competencies of university students. Yaroslavskiy pedagogicheskiy vestnik = Yaroslavl Pedagogical Bulletin. 2018: 5. (In Russ.)

13. Shtoler N.N., Yaprintseva K.L. The curriculum of the discipline: from regulation to the design of educational activities. Vyssheye obrazovaniye v Rossii = Higher education in Russia. 2017; 2(209): 78-85. (In Russ.)

14. Gogolin F. Integration of Russia into the Bologna Process. Assotsiatsiya «Professionaly za sotrudnichestvo» = Association "Professionals for Cooperation". Available from: http://www.prof.msu.ru/publ/book6/c66_05.htm. (In Russ.)

15. Lagerev A.V., Popkov V.I., Gorlenko O.A. Competence-based approach and the third generation federal state educational standard. Inzhenernoye obrazovaniye = Engineering education. 2012; 11: 36 -41. (In Russ.)

16. Proyektirovaniye osnovnykh obrazovatel'nykh programm vuza pri realizatsii urovnevoy podgotovki kadrov na osnove federal'nykh gosudarstvennykh obrazovatel'nykh standartov / Pod red. S.V. Korshunova = Designing the main educational programs of the university in the implementation of level training on the basis of federal state educational standards – Ed. S.V. Korshunov. Moscow: MIPK MGTU im. N.E. Bauman; 2010. 212 p. (In Russ.)

17. Senashenko V.S., Kuznetsova V.A., Kuznetsov V.S. About competences, qualifications and competence. Vyssheye obrazovaniye v Rossii = Higher education in Russia. 2010; 6: 18-23. (In Russ.)

18. Zimnyaya I.A. Key competencies - a new paradigm of the result of education. Vyssheye obrazovaniye segodnya = Higher education today. 2003; 5: 34-42. (In Russ.)

19. Kompetentnostnyy podkhod v obrazovatel'nom protsesse: Monografiya / A.E. Fedorov, S.Ye. Metelev A.A. Solov'yev, Ye.V. Shlyakova = Competence-based approach in the educational process: Monograph / A.E. Fedorov, S.E. Metelev A.A. Soloviev, E.V. Shlyakova. Omsk: OOO Omskblankizdat; 2012. 210 p. (In Russ.)

20. Savel'yev B.A. Model' otsenochnykh sredstv FGOS VPO = The model of the FSES HPE assessment tools. [Internet]. Available from: http://op-new.rguts.ru/templates/Default/images/sector/project_oop/questions/metod_rekomends/1.pdf. (In Russ.)

21. Martynov V.V., Zaytseva A.A., Makarova S. Yu. Development of higher education standards in Russia. Upravleniye ekonomikoy: metody, modeli, tekhnologii: Materialy XVI Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii = Management of the economy: methods, models, technologies: Materials of the XVI International Scientific Conference. 2016: 475-478. (In Russ.)

22. Buyakovskaya I.A., Pozdnyakova Ye.V. Professional standards in the development of basic educational programs of higher education. Problemy sovremennogo pedagogicheskogo obrazovaniya = Problems of modern pedagogical education. 2017; 55(8): 93-105. (In Russ.)

23. Pilipenko S.A., Zhidkov A.A., Karavayeva Ye.V., Serova A.V. Conjugation of the Federal State Educational Standard and Professional Standards: Identified Problems, Possible Approaches, Recommendations for Updating. Vyssheye obrazovaniye v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia. 2016; 6(202): 5-15. (In Russ.)

24. Professional standards [Internet]. Kadrovoye delo. Elektronnyy zhurnal = Personnel business. Electronic journal. 2016: 6. Available from: http://m.e.kdelo.ru/2016/6. (In Russ.)

25. Shcherbakov N.P. Competencies and indicators of their achievement as the results of mastering the educational program. Novyye tekhnologii otsenki kachestva obrazovaniya: Sbornik materialov XV Foruma Gil'dii ekspertov v sfere professional'nogo obrazovaniya. Pod obshchey redaktsiyey G.N. Motovoy = New technologies for assessing the quality of education: Collection of materials of the XV Forum of the Guild of Experts in the Field of Professional Education. Under the general editorship of G.N. Motova. 2019: 141-144. (In Russ.)

26. Portal Primernykh osnovnykh obrazovatel'nykh programm = Portal of Model Basic Educational Programs [Internet]. Available from: poop.rf/projects. (In Russ.)

27. Portal Professional'nykh standartov = Portal of Professional Standards [Internet]. Available from: profstandart.rosmintrud.ru. (In Russ.)