On the Issue of Practical Orientation of Teaching Students of Technical Universities the Basics of Descriptive Geometry

Purpose of the research. The introduction of a distance education system in the form of an electronic educational environment in modern conditions requires new approaches to increasing the interest of students in learning the material. This is especially true for general education subjects. One of the ways to improve the efficiency of learning disciplines is to link theory with practice. In addition, traditional practical tasks on subjects of the general education cycle do not fully take into account the application of the acquired knowledge in the future professional activity of students. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to study the methodology and develop solutions to tasks that most fully take into account the practical orientation of the studied subjects of the general education cycle in technical universities.

Materials and methods. As the object of research, the course of descriptive geometry was chosen as the most difficult subject for students of the first year of higher educational institutions of technical direction. Based on the analysis of the structure of the discipline “descriptive geometry and engineering graphics", the authors propose to link the practical part of the course to a specific technical device. Then, using the accepted assumptions, theoretical positions and goals of studying descriptive geometry, we need to develop a set of interrelated tasks that describe the design of a technical device and the interaction of its elements, allowing you to develop the initial skills of the student with mechanical drawings manually, as well as through computer programs both standard and developed by lecturers of the Department “Descriptive Geometry and Graphics " of the Penza State University of Architecture and Construction.

Results. The article presents the results of applying the practical orientation of the theoretical provisions of descriptive geometry for students studying in the direction of “Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes" of the Penza State University of Architecture and Construction. As a visual technical device, the liquid supply regulator, used in automotive equipment is selected. Essentially practical orientation is to solve three interrelated problems to determine controller parameters by the methods of descriptive geometry: relative position of subassemblies of the regulator (integrated positional task); determination of the actual values of the elements of the regulator (how to convert a drawing); characterization of the body of the regulator for creation of the flask when casting (intersection of the surfaces and scan one of the bodies coated with line-crossing). The results of solving the tasks are presented in the form of calculation and graphic works and laid out in the electronic environment of distance learning, as the final report documents for the study of the main sections of the course of descriptive geometry. The lecturer places examples of calculation and graphic works’ implementation in the electronic educational environment, features of formation of initial skills for drawing and reading machine-building drawings, and students upload their decisions to the page of the corresponding course in stages or the work performed as a whole.

Conclusion. In the final part of the article, conclusions are formulated based on the results of the research, made by the authors. The conclusions reflect the ways to achieve the goals of studying descriptive geometry using computer technologies and e-education. In addition, the uniqueness and results of using the proposed method in a technical University are shown.

1. Drobinin N.S., Nelyubin D.I E-leaming environment as a means of improving the educational process. Molodoy uchenyy = Young scientist. 2015; 2 (82): 513-515. (In Russ.)

2. Taraseyeva N.I., Baulina O.V. The effectiveness of innovative technologies in the organization of practical training. Otkrytoye obrazovaniye = Open Education. 2019; 23(2): 14-22. DOI: 10.21686/1818- 4243-2019-2-14-22. (In Russ.)

3. Polyakov L.G., Polyakova T.D., Gavrilyuk L.Ye. A model for the formation of learning motivation. Obrazovaniye i nauka v sovremennom mire. Innovatsii = Education and science in the modern world. Innovation. 2020; 1 (26): 7-15. (In Russ.)

4. Imas O.N., Sherstneva A.I. А comparative analysis of factors affecting the successful mastering of mathematical disciplines by junior students of higher educational institutions. Sovremennyye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya = Modern problems of science and education. 2014; 1. (In Russ.)

5. Zhirnykh B.G., Serogin V.I., Sharikyan YU.E. Nachertatel’naya geometriya. Pod obshch. red. V.I. Seregina 1-ye izd = Descriptive geometry. Ed. Seregina. 1st edition. Moscow: Publishing house of MSTU. N.E. Bauman; 2015. 168 p. (In Russ.)

6. Oganesov O.A., Kuzeneva N.N., Ryabikova I.M. Nachertatel’naya geometriya i inzhenernaya grafika: teoriya, kontrol’nyye zadaniya i primery resheniya zadach. CH. 1 = Descriptive geometry and engineering graphics: theory, control tasks and examples of problem solving. Part 1. Moscow: MADI(GTU); 2002. 65 p. (In Russ.)

7. Leonova O.N., Solodukhin Ye. A. Nachertatel’naya geometriya v primerakh i zadachakh = Descriptive geometry in examples and problems. Saint Petersburg: SPbGASU; 2015. 44 p. (In Russ.)

8. Akhmetov N.D., Feoktistova L.A., Rzayeva T.V., Gimadeyev M.M., Korobova A.G., Krivosheyev V.A., Nabiullina G.I., Valliakhmetova L.N. Nachertatel’naya geometriya. Praktikum: uchebnoye. posobiye pod red. N.D. Akhmetova = Descriptive geometry. Workshop: training. allowance under the editorship of N.D. Akhmetova. Naberezhnyye Chelny: Publishing and printing center of the Naberezhnye Chelny Institute K (P) FU; 2017. 168 p. (In Russ.)

9. Yakovtseva O.I., Birillo N.S. Nachertatel’naya geometriya: ucheb.-metod. posobiye po vypolneniyu raschetno-graficheskikh rabot = Descriptive geometry: textbook. Method. allowance for the implementation of settlement and graphic work. Gomel: BelSUT; 2013. 52 p.

10. Mukhina M. L., Skobeleva I. YU. Nachertatel’naya geometriya pod red. I.A. Shirshovoy = Descriptive geometry, ed. I.A. Shirshova. Nizhniy Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University named after R.E. Alekseev; 2014. 159 p. (In Russ.)

11. Zolotareva S. V. Nachertatel’naya geometriya: uchebnoye posobiye = Descriptive geometry: a training manual. Komsomolsk-on-Amur: State educational institution of higher education “Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University”; 2017. 92 p. (In Russ.)

12. Polyakov L.G. Nachertatel’naya geometriya i inzhenernaya grafika. Chast’ 1. Nachertatel’naya geometriya. Kurs lektsiy po napravleniyu 23.03.03 «Ekspluatatsiya transportno-tekhnologicheskikh mashin i kompleksov» = Descriptive geometry and engineering graphics. Part 1. Descriptive geometry. Lecture course in the direction of 03.23.03 «Operation of transport-technological machines and complexes.». Penza: PGUAS; 2017. 100 p. (In Russ.)

13. Polyakov L.G. Nachertatel’naya geometriya i inzhenernaya grafika. CH. 1: uchebno- metodicheskoye posobiye k prakticheskim zanyatiyam po napravleniyu podgotovki 23.03.03 «Ekspluatatsiya transportno-tekhnologicheskikh mashin i kompleksov» = Descriptive geometry and engineering graphics. Part 1: a teaching aid for practical training in the field of preparation 03.23.03 «Operation of transport-technological machines and complexes.». Penza: PGUAS; 2017. 214 p. (In Russ.)

14. Polyakov L.G. Nachertatel’naya geometriya i inzhenernaya grafika: uchebno-me-todicheskoye posobiye dlya samostoyatel’noy raboty po napravleniyu podgotovki 23.03.03 «Ekspluatatsiya transportno-tekhnologicheskikh mashin i kompleksov»= Descriptive geometry and engineering graphics: a training manual for independent work in the field of preparation 03.23.03 «Operation of transport-technological machines and complexes.». Penza: PGUAS; 2017. 236 p. (In Russ.)

15. Polyakov L.G. Nachertatel’naya geometriya i inzhenernaya grafika: uchebno-metodicheskoye posobiye po vypolneniyu raschetno-graficheskikh rabot dlya napravleniya podgotovki 23.03.03 «Ekspluatatsiya transportno-tekhnologicheskikh mashin i kompleksov» = Descriptive geometry and engineering graphics: a training manual on the implementation of computational and graphic work for the training direction 03.23.03 «Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes». Penza: PGUAS; 2017. 212 p. (In Russ.)

16. Polyakov L.G. Formirovaniye metodiki obucheniya postroyeniyu poverkhnostey v teorii izobrazheniy = The formation of teaching methods for surface construction in image theory. Penza: PGUAS; 2020. 172 p. (In Russ.)

17. Polyakov L.G., Slyusar G.S. Improving the applied orientation of the course in descriptive geometry. Sbornik statey mezhdunarodnoy nauchno- metodicheskoy konferentsii «Innovatsionnyye tekhnologii obucheniya v tekhnicheskom VUZe» = Collection of articles of the international scientific- methodological conference «Innovative teaching technologies in a technical university». Penza: PGUAS; 2009: 43-49. (In Russ.)

18. B1.B.1.10 Nachertatel’naya geometriya i inzhenernaya grafika = B1.B.1.10 Descriptive geometry and engineering graphics [Internet]. Penza: PGUAS. Available from: http://do.pguas.ru/ course/view.php?id=1437. (In Russ.)

19. GOST 2.301-68 Yedinaya konstruktorskaya dokumentatsiya. Formaty = GOST 2.301-68 Unified design documentation. Formats. Moscow: Standartinform, 2007. 6 p. (In Russ.)

20. GOST 2.303-68 Yedinaya konstruktorskaya dokumentatsiya. Linii = GOST 2.303-68 Unified design documentation. Moscow: Standartinform, 2007. 8 p. (In Russ.)

21. GOST 2.304-68 Yedinaya konstruktorskaya dokumentatsiya. Shrifty chertezhnyye = GOST 2.304-68 Unified design documentation. Drawing fonts. Moscow: Standartinform, 2007. 30 p. (In Russ.)

22. GOST 2.307-2011 Yedinaya konstruktorskaya dokumentatsiya. Naneseniye razmerov i predel’nykh otkloneniy (s popravkami) = GOST 2.307-2011 Unified design documentation. Drawing sizes and maximum deviations (as amended). Moscow: Standartinform, 2011. 32 p. (In Russ.)