Formation and Assessment of Skills of Independent Preparation of Written Works in General

Purpose of research. Today, the informatization of school education has reached a qualitatively new level, schools now have access to fast Internet, modern computer equipment, etc. However, the quality of independent written work of students may significally fall, due to open and free access to fabricated texts (essays, reports, essays), as well as the lack of basic skills of independent work and curiosity among the younger generation. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to pose the problem of formation and evaluation of skills for independent preparation of written work in General education, to consider the current state of affairs in this area of primary education, to develop proposals and solutions to this problem.

Materials and methods. To solve this problem, the authors of the article have analyzed the works of Russian and foreign authors in the field of pedagogy, as well as works on the digital generation and the information society formation in the Russian Federation and legislative acts (Federal law «on education in the Russian Federation» dated 29.12.2012 N 273-FZ, national project «Education», order of the Ministry of education and science of the Russian Federation dated December 17, 2010 No. 1897 «on approval of the Federal state educational standard of basic General education», The procedure for admitting citizens to study in educational programs of primary General, basic General and secondary General education, approved by order of the Ministry of education and science of the Russian Federation of January 22, 2014, No. 32, etc.).

Results. The study has revealed the current situation in teaching and explaining the basic skills of independent and creative work of students: the lack of methodological foundations and practice of teaching the basics of academic ethics and academic writing, the lack of automated means of monitoring the independent performance of written works.

Conclusion. In the article, the authors provide basic recommendations and suggestions for improving the current situation, such as the introduction of elements of informing the school system about the requirements for independence in the performance of educational work as part of academic ethics, elements of independence control (systems for detecting borrowings in written works), the development of programs for teachers to master the means of controlling the independence of students’ written work.

1. Katabay P. Kh. Conceptual foundations for the creation of expert-analytical centers for the analysis of scientific texts for the presence of incorrect borrowings [Internet]. Elektronnyye biblioteki = Electronic libraries. 2017; 20; 5: 332-343. Available from: https://elbib.ru/article/view/434. (cited 25.04.2021). (In Russ.)

2. Zhuravlev Yu.I., Rudakov K.V., Inyakin A.S., Kirsanov A.A., Lisitsa A.V., Nikitov G.V., Peskov N.V., Romanov M.Yu., Chekhovich Yu.V., Yaminov R.I. The system of recognition of intellectual borrowings «Antiplagiat». Matematicheskiye metody raspoznavaniya obrazov = Mathematical methods of pattern recognition. 2005; 12; 1: 329-332. (In Russ.)

3. Nikitov A.V., Orchakov O.A., Chekhovich Yu.V. Plagiarism in the works of students and graduate students: the problem and methods of counteraction [Internet]. Universitetskoye upravleniye: praktika i analiz = University management: practice and analysis. 2012; 5(81): 61-68. Available from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/plagiat-v-rabotah-studentov-i-aspirantov-problema-i-metody-protivodeystviya. (cited 25.04.2021). (In Russ.)

4. Gubernatorov Ye. University professors complained of plagiarism and cheating due to the distance [Internet]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt RBK = Official site of RBC. Available from: https://www.rbc.ru/society/03/08/2020/5f2414d29a7947ed990daf8e. (cited 25.04.2021). (In Russ.)

5. Belen’kaya O.S., Suvorova M.A., Filippova O.A., Chekhovich Yu.V. . Problems of borrowing detection systems as applied to the search for borrowings in secondary school educational works [Internet]. Intellektualizatsiya obrabotki informatsii: Tezisy dokladov 13-y Mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii (Moskva 2020 g.) = Intellectualization of information processing: Abstracts of the 13th International Conference (Moscow 2020). M.: Russian Academy of Sciences; 2020: 239-243. ISBN 978-5-90736616-9. Available from: http://www.machinelearning.ru/wiki/images/3/31/Idp20.pdf. (cited 07.04.2021). (In Russ.)

6. Maliataki V.V., Kirichek K.A., Vendina A.A. Distance educational technologies as a modern means of implementing active and interactive teaching methods in organizing students’ independent work [Internet]. Otkrytoye obrazovaniye = Open education. 2020. Available from: https://openedu. rea.ru/jour/article/view/711/485. (cited 25.12.2020). (In Russ.)

7. Sosnina N.G. Analysis of trends in the development of open education in Russia and Canada [Internet]. Otkrytoye obrazovaniye = Open education. 2018. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=36765359. (cited 16.04.2021). (In Russ.)

8. Komleva N.V., Khlopkova O.A. Intellectualization of services of open education [Internet]. Otkrytoye obrazovaniye = Open education. 2015. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=23241598. (Data obrashcheniya 25.12.2021). (In Russ.)

9. Sureda-Negre J., Comas-Forgas R., OliverTrobat M. F. Academic plagiarism among secondary and high school students: Differences in gender and procrastination [Internet]. Comunicar. 2015; 22(44); 103–111. DOI: 10.3916/C44-2015-11. (cited 22.04.2021).

10. Kuper Dzh. Formation of academic ethics the key to eradicating plagiarism [Internet]. Federal’nyy obrazovatel’nyy portal Ekonomika. Sotsiologiya. Menedzhment = Federal educational portal Economics. Sociology. Management. Available from: http://ecsocman.hse.ru/text/34950174/. (cited 25.04.2021). (In Russ.)

11. Dominic A. Sisti How Do High School Students Justify Internet Plagiarism? [Internet]. Ethics & Behavior. 2007. DOI: 10.1080/10508420701519163. (cited 01.05.2021).

12. Kalina I.I. Pedagogical reality as a local picture of the world. Mir obrazovaniya obrazovaniye v mire = The world of education education in the world. 2011; 3: 48. (In Russ.)

13. Solov’yeva T.S. The status of a teacher in modern Russian society. Sotsial’noye prostranstvo = Social space. 2018; 1(13). DOI: 10.15838/sa/2018.1.13.3. (In Russ.)

14. Historical aspects of the regulation of the working time of teaching staff [Internet]. Obshcherossiyskiy Profsoyuz obrazovaniya = All-Russian Trade Union of Education. Available from: http://www.eseur.ru/ Istoricheskie_aspekti_ regulirovaniya_rabochego_ vremeni_pedagogicheskih_rabotnikov/. (cited 30.04.2021). (In Russ.)

15. Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki = Federal State Statistics Service [Internet]. Official site of the Federal State Statistics Service. 2020. Available from: http://www.gks.ru. (In Russ.)

16. Letter of Rosobrnadzor dated 10/17/2016 N 10-764 On the direction of updated editions of methodological documents recommended for use in organizing and conducting the final essay (presentation) in the 2016/17 academic year [Internet]. Nekommercheskaya internet-versiya komp’yuternoy spravochno-pravovoy sistemy Konsul’tant Plyus = Non-commercial Internet version of the computer legal reference system Consultant Plus. Available from: https://login.consultant.ru/link/?req=doc&base=LAW&n=206108&dst=100001&date=25.12.2020&demo=2. (In Russ.)

17. Letter of Rosobrnadzor dated 09.24.2020 N 05-86 On the direction of methodological documents recommended for use in organizing and conducting the final essay (presentation) in the 2020/2021 academic year «(together with» Methodological recommendations for organizing and conducting the final essay (presentation ) in the 2020/2021 academic year «,» Rules for filling out the forms for the final essay (presentation) in the 2020/2021 academic year «) [Internet]. Nekommercheskaya internet-versiya komp’yuternoy spravochno-pravovoy sistemy Konsul’tant Plyus = Non-commercial Internet version of the computer legal reference system Consultant Plus. Available from: https://login.consultant.ru/link/?req=doc&base=LAW&n=363368&dst=100383&date=25.12.2020&demo=2. (In Russ.)

18. Policy of academic honesty of a private general education institution International Gymnasium of the Skolkovo Innovation Center [Internet]. Sayt Mezhdunarodnoy gimnazii Skolkovo = Website of the Skolkovo International Gymnasium. Available from: https://gymnasium.sk.ru/city/gymnasium/m/documents/18028/download.aspx. (cited 05.05.2021). (In Russ.)

19. Suvorova M. A. Who didn’t hide, I’m not to blame [Internet]. Universitetskaya kniga = University book. 2019; 5: 74-75. Available from: http://www.unkniga.ru/innovation/tehnology/9514-kto-ne-spryatalsya-ya-ne-vinovat.html. (cited 17.04.2021). (In Russ.)

20. Federal state educational standard of secondary general education (approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of May 17, 2012 N 413) [Internet]. http://ivo.garant.ru/proxy/share?data=q4Og0aLnpN5Pvp_qlYqy4bDl1fyY8tC-7LnXAuug8tKk5KPL86_wk7XDoNGi31Pzu_CQ4o7igP2P_YfykfGpteqz1L3bv_qP3kTyh_CC4bHpu-i44sU. (cited 25.04.2020). (In Russ.)

21. Chekhovich YU. V. How to find Lenin Square, or reflections on the practice of fulfilling order No. 636, the percentage of originality, incorrect and unlawful borrowing and Goodhart’s law [Internet]. Universitetskaya kniga = University book. 2018; 2: 72-73. http://www.unkniga.ru/innovation/tehnology/8136-kak-najti-ploschad-lenina-ili-razmyshleniya-o-praktike.html. (cited 25.04.2021). (In Russ.)

22. Federal Law «On Education in the Russian Federation» dated December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ [Internet]. Nekommercheskaya internet-versiya komp’yuternoy spravochno-pravovoy sistemy Konsul’tant Plyus = Non-commercial Internet version of the computer legal reference system Consultant Plus. Available from: https://login.consultant.ru/link/?req=doc&base=LAW&n=370280&dst=100005&date=25.12.2020&demo=2.

23. National project «Education» [Internet]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Ministerstvo prosveshcheniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii = Official site of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. 2020. Available from: https://edu.gov.ru/national-project. (In Russ.)

24. Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia of 12/17/2010 N 1897 (as amended on 12/31/2015) «On the approval of the federal state educational standard of basic general education» [Internet]. Nekommercheskaya internetversiya komp’yuternoy spravochno-pravovoy sistemy Konsul’tant Plyus = Non-commercial Internet version of the computer legal reference system Consultant Plus. Available from: https://login.consultant.ru/link/?req=doc&base=LAW&n=193504&dst=100003&date=25.12.2020&demo=2. (In Russ.)

25. Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated 02.09.2020 N 458 «On approval of the Procedure for admission to study in educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education» [Internet]. Nekommercheskaya internet-versiya komp’yuternoy spravochno-pravovoy sistemy Konsul’tant Plyus = Non-commercial Internet version of the computer legal reference system Consultant Plus. Available from: 2. (In Russ.)