Practical training for future engineers is an important and integral part of their education, in which students gain real professional experience. Improving the quality of such training, of course, requires improving laboratory equipment and teaching tools that meet the current level of development of the engineering industry. In these conditions, the modernization of educational stands as prototypes of objects of professional activity is of interest. Analysis and updating of educational demonstration stands will make it possible to bring the learning process closer to the real conditions of the future profession, without leaving the walls of the educational institution.

The purpose of the study is to describe the process of modernizing the educational and demonstration stand (using the example of the “8K-14 rocket model” stand) as a way to improve the quality of practical training of future engineering personnel.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out as part of a project supported by the Vladimir Potanin scholarship program, starting in 2021. The study involved lecturers and students of the Department of Automatic Control Systems of the Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology. The 8K-14 rocket model was chosen as the subject of modernization, as the most popular and, at the same time, outdated model.

The research methods included analysis of psychological, pedagogical and specialized literature, study of the experience of modernizing the stand, and generalization of the results.

The main result of the study is to enrich the practice of training future engineering personnel, including the development of several engineering design technologies, and aimed at achieving a single result, in the context of modernization of educational and demonstration stands. Therefore, in the process of updating the “8K-14 rocket model” stand, students use modern material and technical means (LED strips, LEDs, electric motor, color TFT touch display, matrix keyboard, rotary encoder, etc.) and various technologies. One of the microcontrollers of the Arduino platform is used as a control device. The user using a touch screen display, mechanical keyboard, encoder and joystick controls the stand. The display, acting not only as an information display organ, but also as a control element, allows you to introduce additional functionality into the work of the stand related to the capabilities of the programming language, better known as GUI (Graphical User Interface). In addition, in the process of modernizing a stand, students often require additional parts, the implementation of which is realized using 3D printing technology.

In conclusion, the experience of the process of modernizing the educational stand “8K-14 rocket model” is summarized as a way to strengthen the practical training of future engineering personnel. The joint work of students and lecturers to modernize educational demonstration means will allow to strengthen the practical training of students, to deepen students into independent engineering and design activities, and make the learning process, in general, more exciting and interesting. This approach can be implemented using any educational and demonstration stand.

The paper presents the study of the educational context and its characteristics to achieve the most effective learning process.

The aim of the research is to examine the perception of physical space in the traditional classroom and virtual space in online learning. The study of this issue is based on the psychological approach to the perception of virtual space as a model of physical space and on understanding the importance of this research area due to the development of distant forms of learning: though, the problems of virtual space functioning in the perception of students and its impact on learning efficiency still remain unexplored. Meanwhile, understanding the mechanism of space perception can help to adapt the learning process to the form of learning in choice: learning in a traditional classroom, where students work in a real physical space, learning in a virtual environment or in a hybrid form.

Materials and methods. The theoretical basis for comparing the characteristics of physical and virtual space is the studies that focus on the importance of spatial organization in the process of learning. The psychological approach to the perception of space makes it possible to rely on the mechanism of transferring the physical characteristics of space into a virtual environment and to determine the possibility of comparison, primarily in an axiological sense. The study was carried out in the context of university education. Students of a higher educational institution were offered a questionnaire, the results of which were processed using a statistical method. Quantitative trends were then interpreted in the application to the learning process. The experiment was carried out in three stages (questionnaire, statistical processing, interpretation of the results), each of which revealed new aspects of the problem under study.

Results. The study shows that there is a metaphorization mechanism that allows the learner to perceive the space of the virtual classroom in the same terms as the physical space of the traditional classroom. At the same time, the comparison of statistical data indicates the obvious differences in the perception of the student's space in the traditional and virtual classrooms. This is especially true for such parameters as openness, freedom of movement and the ratio of participants in the educational space, which indicates different learning conditions that determine the choice of teaching methods and techniques in the traditional context and in the virtual educational environment. Discussion of the results of statistical analysis allows us to draw conclusions about the difference of educational potential of the virtual and physical classroom spaces, the importance of socialization and various methods of its creation in the educational process.

Conclusion. The conducted research shows the need for further study of space in the educational context, the need to take into account its parameters for developing virtual courses. Also, the results of the study show the importance of spatial characteristics for the success of learning, for creating a comfortable educational environment. The data obtained can be used in the development and improvement of online courses; it will help to avoid mistakes when in planning.

The purpose of research is to determine directions for optimizing the educational process with the introduction of new methodological approaches. For this purpose, the paper set the tasks to analyze the current methodological aspects of the component of the pedagogical process of teaching chemistry to first-year students of the medical and preventive faculty of the Ural State Medical University (USMU, Yekaterinburg); asess the impact of new methodological approaches in teaching on the performance of students. The discipline “Chemistry” is studied in the first semester, classroom hours for the discipline include lectures (32 hours), practical exercises and laboratory work (34 hours), which are conducted at the department of general chemistry of USMU.

Materials and methods. The methodology for teaching chemistry to first-year students of the medical and preventive faculty of USMU (Ekaterinburg) is analyzed. The largest faculty was selected for the study. Over the course of 10 years, during the period of Federal State Educational Standard-3, the number of students at this faculty increased from two streams in the 2012-2013 academic year (300 people) up to four streams in the 2022-2023 academic year (700 people). Attestation in the discipline takes place in the form of a written test with an assessment (exam). Statistical processing of data on exam results and rating scores in the semester was carried out in the Microsoft Excel 2019 program. The obtained indexes are presented as arithmetic mean values and standard error of the mean (M±m).

Results. Pearson's r-correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the linear relationship of variables: the percentage of correct answers in the exam ticket, the final student rating in the semester, the exam rating, the certification grade. To test the hypothesis about the effectiveness of the chosen teaching methodology, Pearson's test of agreement (χ2 ) was calculated for the sample size of students (n ≥ 100). The pedagogical process carried out in teaching chemistry to first-year students of the medical and preventive faculty is a complex system that includes target, content, activity, performance, resource components. The activity component of the organization of the pedagogical process was modified as follows: a new form of the examination card was developed, as close as possible to the form of control materials for the unified state exam in chemistry, the structure of the practical lesson was rationalized, and a new laboratory workshop was created and tested. The results of the exam in chemistry were analyzed using Pearson's goodness-of-fit test at a significance level of p<0, 05 in two groups of questions: 1 - on topics covered by a laboratory workshop and 2 - on topics not provided with laboratory work. The rating indexes of students when performing tasks related to the first group of questions are significantly higher than in the second group. ><0,05 in two groups of questions: 1 - on topics covered by a laboratory workshop and 2 - on topics not provided with laboratory work. The rating indexes of students when performing tasks related to the first group of questions are significantly higher than in the second group.

Conclusion. When using an optimized laboratory practice in chemistry, the most rational form of the lesson is chosen, in which laboratory experiments are included. Comprehensive planning of such classes is carried out differently. The didactic tasks of the lesson are subordinated to highlighting what is essential in the content of the educational material. The presence of an optimized workshop significantly contributes to the choice of the most effective methods and forms of training for a given lesson, leading to an increase in student performance. It is shown that the updated form of the laboratory workshop in chemistry, along with the rationalization of the structure of the lesson and the form of the exam make it possible to achieve maximum learning outcomes with a limited time interval for classroom work. The new form of the examination card, along with the modernized practicum, contributed to the high marks in the exam. It is shown that a properly organized form of passing the exam allows you to adjust the progress of each student and set an objective assessment in chemistry.

Purpose of research. The trend of personalization of learning forms a demand for the development and implementation of software tools for processing the digital footprint of the learner, to manage his/her educational trajectory. In combination with decentralized identification technologies, such software tools assume a more active role of the learner in the creation of his/her personal learning trajectory. Additional challenges for the developed software tools are the functional requirement to ensure the independence of learner profile data from individual educational services, while at the same time complying with the standards of information security of working with data. The purpose of this research is to expand the understanding of the possibility of modifying online learning by including distributed solutions in the field of information technology application in education.

Materials and methods. The paper describes in detail the solutions developed by the authors for software implementation of a digital profile of learner's competencies - a decentralized application designed to store data of learning activity and confirmed qualifications aggregated from various external educational platforms and services. When forming these solutions, the authors proceeded from the advantages of using a decentralized approach to software development. The methodological basis of the research is represented by a set of approaches and technologies that support the logic of the software development process - distributed registry technology, digital identification approach, credentials storage standard.

Results. The authors substantiate the choice of solution for software implementation of digital competence profile: SSI approach will provide decentralized identification of digital footprint data beyond the boundaries of individual educational platforms and services; application of the standard of verifiable VC credentials will create conditions for decentralized storage of learning activity data. The results of the study may be of practical interest for the administration of domestic educational organizations, administration of educational platforms and educational services implementing online learning programs for effective and secure management of each individual student's digital footprint data, creating an individual educational trajectory in his/her interests and confirming competencies.

Conclusion. Implementation and scaling of the digital competence profile are aimed at ensuring the identification, safe storage, and effective management of the learner's digital footprint data, which can be used to create an individual learning trajectory. The digital competence profile will allow to realize the function of confirming any forms of activity, the nature of interaction of the learner with the functions of the educational service, as well as allow the learner to control and manage the use of the information placed in the digital profile. As part of the whole, the digital profile is considered in the overall architecture of the information system, which implies the interaction of the software application with other subsystems, including in the structure of the educational platform. The scheme of interaction demonstrated for the digital educational platform “Digital Tutor” developed at the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. Additional research requires tools for controlling the activity and motivation of the learner to formalize his/her active role in the issues of personal learning trajectory management.

Relevance of the study. Any industrial revolution, any global innovation faces resistance caused by the fundamental properties of the human psyche – a wary attitude to change, fear of introducing innovations, distrust of future uncertainty. The modern stage of society's development is no exception – the transition to digitalization, which has caused hidden and sometimes open Luddism.

The purpose of the study is to investigate and analyze trends in managerial thinking in the era of digitalization. In the current business environment, the pressing issue seems to be how to overcome misunderstandings and counteraction to everything that digitalization entails?

The results of the study. Analysis of the best global and national practices of digital transformation shows that in order to reduce internal transaction costs, resistance to innovation, it is necessary first to change the way of thinking of enterprise management, business management. The paper briefly discusses the main trends in the management thought of project activities in recent years. It is shown that during the peak of attention to automation information technologies, management efforts were directed to assessing the quality of the final result of the project. The next stage of the analyzed period is characterized by a shift of attention to the quality of processes. And recent trends show the concentration of organizational and methodological resources primarily on the quality of competence of participants in the processes of project activity. In this trend, there has recently been a need to shift attention from technical and contextual competencies (IQ) to behavioral (EQ).