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Vol 24, No 6 (2020)
View or download the full issue PDF (Russian)
https://doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2020-6

METHODICAL MAINTENANCE

4-13 501
Abstract

Recently, the industry of creating online lecturer courses became very popular. However, despite their significant number, the satisfaction of the trainees of these courses is not very high. The value of online education for practicing lecturers should be associated with personalized knowledge relevant to their professional activities and the possibility of gaining work experience in a modern open educational environment. The ability to professionally carry out distributed-collective activities in teaching children in the context of mass communication and globalization of education are becoming an important component of a teacher’s digital literacy. The experience of implementing the “Mega-class” project in the context of educational clusters, organized by the Academic Department of Informatics and Information Technologies of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University, made it possible to identify significant deficiencies in the lecturer’s professional training for such activities and the need for recursive professional development directly in the process of organizing Mega-lessons. At the same time, the different level of lecturers’ readiness for the network educational activities and a significant range of professional aspirations should be noted.

The purpose of this study is to create and substantiate a personalized model of the online lecturer training course for the network educational activities in a digital environment using the example of the Megaclass platform.

The idea of creating personalized online courses is associated with the transformation of educational content into a problem-question format for structuring course modules (inverted course). Such a restructuring of educational content makes it possible to change the learning strategy: from the paradigm of “accumulating knowledge for solving problems” to the paradigm of “solving problems by mastering the necessary knowledge”.

As a result of the analysis of the types of activities and possible deficits of all participants in the educational cluster in the design and conducting mega-lessons, a model of a personalized online course for preparing lecturers for the network educational activities was proposed. On its basis, the online course “Technology for developing and conducting a Mega-lesson” was developed, consisting of modules that answer the questions: what is a Mega-lesson, how to design an effectively-target model, how to form soft-skills, how to select content, how to design an organizational and activity model of the lesson, how to select the content of the lesson, how to organize the interaction of participants, develop or search for digital resources and services, etc. Training is organized in the process of real professional activity in the design and conducting of Mega-lessons in the educational cluster conditions. The course is hosted on the platform “Electronic University Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev”, it was tested in training school teachers in the process of preparing Mega-lessons, students of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev within the discipline “Methods of teaching computer science”.

Conclusion. The proposed method of personalizing an online course allows you to improve its consumer qualities, significantly raise the level of student satisfaction by switching to a learning strategy “from my professional deficits to the necessary knowledge” and the possibility of choosing an individual training route. The materials of the article may be of interest to developers of online courses, as well as lecturers who want to acquire the necessary knowledge and experience in educational clusters, in particular, on the Mega-class platform.

14-21 748
Abstract

The purpose of research is to substantiate the need to use knowledge extraction methods in the design and creation of new products and services and the feasibility of using the Kohonen self-organizing map method through its formation. Such a map helps to identify previously unknown groups, in particular, as in the case of this article – consumer groups, and their analysis will make it possible to form new tariffs for the services of the mobile operator’s billing system. The main reason for the research is to show organizations the ability to design and create innovative products.

Research methods are empirical in nature, based on the collection and accumulation of data on consumer behavior in the market and their subsequent analysis. In order to analyze the collected data, Data Mining methods are used, in particular, the Kohonen self-organizing map method, which allows to obtain automatic clustering of consumers in the market by various characteristics. Clustering was performed using the Kohonen self-organizing map algorithm implemented in the BaseGroup Labs Deductor Studio analytical platform. The choice of this software product is explained by a clear interface and the availability of the required functionality. The study was based on data provided by the mobile operator’s billing system. This is a fairly large amount of data showing the completed operations of mobile operator subscribers.

Results. The article provides an overview of sources that offer possible methods for extracting knowledge and ways to process it. The Kohonen map is also built, which allows you to get information about the current situation for mobile subscribers from various independently selected areas. After analyzing this information, the revealed knowledge is applied in the formation of new tariffs and services of the mobile operator. This method of extracting knowledge can also be applied to other large volumes of data from various fields of activity. However, there is a limitation when using this type of knowledge extraction, which is that the data must be structured. If you use unstructured data, you can consider other methods for extracting knowledge described in this article.

Conclusion. The article considers the stage of knowledge extraction when designing and creating new products and services based on Data Mining methods, in particular the self-organizing Kohonen map. Innovation in the design and creation of products and services is emphasized by the variability of data in accordance with the dynamic behavior of consumers in the market, which causes the need to periodically review the requirements and concepts of products and services brought to the market.

EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

22-30 571
Abstract

Purpose. To provide a detailed justification of the methodological principles, guided by the specialists of the “Antiplagiat.RSL” project when conducting an independent assessment of the originality of scientific texts.

Materials and methods. The implementation of these principles is demonstrated with the examples from the practice of tests. The proposed material based on more than ten years of experience of plagiarism – test practice, will give authors and administrators of scientific institutions a clearer idea of the procedure and requirements for academic texts.

Results. The automated verification of academic texts for plagiarism has become commonplace, which affects all levels - from writing graduate qualification papers to defending doctoral dissertations, publishing monographs and textbooks. There is a wide range of software specially designed for comparing texts and identifying both distinct overlapping text fragments and paraphrased ones. At the same time, everyone who has come across the verification process understands that it is impossible to rely solely on the quantitative indicators presented in the system report. Evaluation of plagiarism-test results is an area where one has to deal with different, sometimes not entirely correct, understanding of the originality of scientific texts.

The Russian State Library (RSL) is a national repository and, what is even more important - it remains independent from the academic institutional milieu. The article describes essential principles of the plagiarism tests, carried out at the RSL, which are based on the organizational legitimacy, identification of individual motivation and compliance with the actual normative regulation. Methodology of the tests founds on the five key principles: objectivity, confidentiality, consistency, specificity and complexity.

In addition, certain issues of an objective evaluation of plagiarism are considered in order to draw attention to the fact that independent (delegated) verification of scientific texts is one of the components of the process of supporting academic integrity in modern conditions of dissemination and reproduction of information.

Conclusion. A detailed check of the texts for plagiarism allows you to make corrections, modify the texts, and eliminate shortcomings caused by the author’s carelessness or negligence. At the same time, deliberate plagiarism even if it may seem insignificant, is the most serious misconduct from the point of view of scientific ethics, and institutional control in this area is necessary.

31-40 759
Abstract

Purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for the formation of a neuroeducational environment that ensures that students acquire the competencies necessary to solve the problem of introducing end-to-end digital technologies within the framework of the digital economy program. The analysis showed that improving the training of specialists in the field of neurotechnology and artificial intelligence in the digital economy is an urgent and demanded task. The paper discusses an approach to solve the problem of improving the training of specialists in the field of neurotechnologies, taking into account the requirements of the federal project “Personnel for the digital economy” by creating a technological platform for a neuroeducational environment that ensures the acquisition of the necessary competencies by students.

Materials and methods of research. In the process of carrying out the research, theoretical provisions in the field of the theory of neural networks were developed, a new class of neurons and neural networks was proposed, which are close in functions to biological neural networks and are called selective. The technology of training and application of selective neural networks has been developed. The advantage of selective technologies in comparison with classical neural networks is shown. Hardware models of neural networks, which are part of the neuroeducational system, have been developed and used in the educational process. A general methodology for teaching neural network technology as one of the end-to-end technologies of the digital economy has been developed, as well as a methodology for using neural networks in solving economic problems in the context of digital transformation.

Results. A technological platform for a neuroeducational environment has been developed, including software, hardware models of classical neurons and perceptrons (McCulloch-Pitts), as well as neurons and perceptrons of a new class, called selective. A software tool for teaching standard and selective neurotechnologies was developed and proposed, for which a certificate of state registration of a computer program was obtained. For the assimilation of theoretical material and the acquisition of practical skills, methodological materials, author’s practical tasks and author’s laboratory works have been developed, which are part of the technological platform. The approaches proposed in the article can be used in organizing the study of the theory of neural networks and methods of applied application of neurotechnologies in solving the problems of introducing end-to-end digital technologies within the framework of the digital economy program. The development results are confirmed by 4 patents for inventions. In order to more effectively master the theoretical provisions and features of the practical application of neurotechnologies, the main attention is paid to the physical meaning and presentation of the processes occurring during the functioning of a neural network in the form of formal descriptions that provide a more effective assimilation of the foundations of the theory of neural networks and neurotechnologies using existing standard neural network architectures, as well as architectures built on the basis of selective neural networks.

Conclusion. The architecture and components of the technological platform of the neuroeducational environment based on neuroeducational complexes have been developed. A general methodological approach has been developed for teaching the basics of neurotechnology based on standard and selective neural networks and the peculiarities of their application in the framework of the digital economy program. A methodology for teaching the basics of neurotechnology based on standard and selective neural networks has been developed, which includes the mathematical theory of standard and selective neural networks, a description of the learning process for standard neural networks based on McCulloch-Pitts neurons, as well as selective neural networks based on selective neurons.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

41-50 998
Abstract

Purpose of the study. The paper presents data and analyzes the practice of transferring a major All-Russian event in the system of extracurricular education – the Russian National Junior Water Competition – to a distance format due to the coronavirus pandemic. The system of extracurricular education for senior high school students formed within the framework of the Water Competition for the adaptation of school graduates to the technological and communication realities of “adult life” combines project-based training with the format of a competitive component. As part of the preparation and implementation of research projects, a student receives methodological, organizational and educational support from teachers and consultants from universities and academic institutions, attends special seminars, trainings and master classes on project activities.

The system has been developing using the model of cooperation in the educational sphere “NPO-state-business” since 2003, and over these years, 32 thousand schoolchildren from all regions have completed and submitted 23 thousand research and applied projects to solve environmental problems. The winners of the regional stages take part in the All-Russian final held annually in Moscow. The winner of the final represents the country at the international Stockholm competition. 2020 events coincided with the coronavirus epidemic. It was necessary to transfer the offline final to online within a month and ensure information interaction between all participants so that the online event was a complete analogue of the offline final.

Materials and methods. The transferring of traditional public events of the final into a remote format was carried out using a set of organizational measures and information technologies according to the following algorithm: the choice of technologies for videoconference and broadcasting, work with the website, training and testing of the technical capabilities of participants, work on synchronization, support and assistance to participants with a final questionnaire.

Results. The obvious advantage of the online format is a significant expansion of the external audience and an exponential growth of the information footprint: during the month, more than 400 publications were posted on the Internet; the number of views was 300 thousand. The ER (Engagement Rate) ratio – an indicator of the audience’s reaction to the publication, has shown a rapid increase in comparison with previous years. The questioning of the participants made it possible to understand the mood and assessment of the events by the target audiences. The number of viewers of each broadcast event ranged from 2 to 5-6 thousand people. The online final allowed to involve in the general system of adaptation training, in addition to schoolchildren, teachers and regional partners, an interested audience, while 77% of respondents supported the full-time final, 23% – remote, noting that the organizers managed to preserve the emotional atmosphere of the final events.

Conclusion. In general, the system of extracurricular education for schoolchildren, combined with a competitive component, turned out to be capable of prompt reformatting while maintaining the level and quality of events in the face of new challenges. In the process of transferring the final events of the cycle of additional adaptation education, combined with the All-Russian competition of projects for senior high school students to the remote mode, the possibility of online implementation of almost all types of interaction with the target audience – junior participants, including master classes, general discussions and personal consultations and the competitive component is shown.

The possibility of using the remote format for the implementation of the organizational and information infrastructure, the operational correction of educational adaptation programs following the spread of innovative technologies that are gaining priority importance for the modern period of socio-economic development is demonstrated. At the same time, the entire volume of training cannot be reduced to formalized forms without the direct presence of teachers and consultants in the creative design process. Direct communication becomes especially relevant at the beginning of the journey when choosing a topic for training and a general understanding of environmental and related problems. It is also obvious that the effectiveness of the remote format is significantly increased for a prepared audience of participants: those who have completed additional training offline with the project development itself.

PROBLEMS OF INFORMATIZATION OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT

51-59 684
Abstract

Purpose of the study. The aim of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of the joint use of the competence-activity approach and interdisciplinary connections in the formation of model-ing skills in the field of enterprise engineering and reengineering of business processes in the edu-cational process of the university. The relevance of the problems outlined in this article is determined by the need to develop human resources in the IT industry and to continuously improve the quality of training specialists in this area.

The object of the research is the preparation of full-time students of educational institu-tions of higher education in terms of the formation of skills in systemic and business analysis of a digital enterprise as an object of economics and management.

Materials and research methods. The article analyzes the possibility of effective use of the competence-activity approach and interdisciplinary connections in the educational process when developing modeling skills as part of the research work of bachelors in the direction of “Business Informatics”.

Results. Taking into account the analysis of the experience of using the competence-activity approach and interdisciplinary relations, there are shown the prospects of their joint use in the educational process in the formation of modeling skills in the field of enterprise engineering and reengineering of business processes. The structure of the research work of students and the sequence of stages of modeling are proposed, which have proven themselves well at the Business Informatics Chair and Production Management Systems.

Conclusion. In the transition to the digital economy, the key difficulty in our country is the lack of qualified and competent personnel. It is necessary to correctly form the approaches to the training of IT industry specialists. The joint use of the competenceactivity approach at the Na-tional University of Science and

Technology “MISIS”, which implies the formation of knowledge among students in the process of developing a process information system project and interdisci-plinary relations, has confirmed its effectiveness. The experience of using business process mod-eling in the preparation of bachelors, training with specialty “Business Informatics” is generalized and a sequence of modeling steps is proposed, which allows to consider and comprehensively de-scribe a digital enterprise as an object of economics and management in the form of architectural models, as well as an approach to the formation of skills in modeling and business management processes of the enterprise for students.

This approach made it possible to involve students in the process of active learning, im-prove the process of forming key competencies, significantly improve the quality of theses and their practical significance, as well as increase the level of teaching compliance with world trends in the era of digital transformation.



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ISSN 1818-4243 (Print)
ISSN 2079-5939 (Online)