The article is devoted to the development of a compression method of the educational material for special disciplines of the technical University. The urgency of solving the problem of compression of the educational material, as well as compression of the information in general, is due to the world trends in the development of science and technology, as well as the requirements that modern educational standards impose on the programs disciplines of higher professional education. A review of the works of other authors, in which the problem of compression of educational material has been investigated, is made in the article. The need for new pedagogical developments, practically oriented directly to professional disciplines, was noted. The possibility of compressing the teaching material of a special discipline is ensured by the commonality of the questions studied, as well as the using the same mathematical apparatus, approaches and methods in determining the main relations. The practical orientation of the subject and the readiness of the audience in the natural sciences and general technical disciplines also matter. This is revealed on the basis of the analysis of modern pedagogical technologies and methods of knowledge engineering, as well as special discipline features. The compression method of an educational material, which uses several pedagogical technologies, is developed. The construction of educational process on a large-block basis, the construction of educational process advanced basis, methodical and didactical reconstruction of educational material are used.

Deductive and inductive ways of presentation of educational material are also used. Compression is achieved when structuring the educational material of the discipline. Separate sections of the discipline are combined into semantic groups and read in parallel without possible repetitions. The principle of parallel presentation of the material forms the basis of the concept of the developed method of compression. This principle makes it possible to implement an “open architecture” of the method: there is the possibility of prompt correction or expansion of the content of discipline without significant increase in time costs for the presentation. An interpretation of the proposed method as the procedure of graphs theory is given. The structure of the discipline is modeled as a directed weighted graph (the graph of discipline) with the separation of bipartite subgraphs. The educational elements are represented as vertices of the graph. The rib of the graph models the means of the mathematical apparatus, which establishes the connection between the vertices. The vertices weight is detected as a time spent on the explanation of element contents. The rib weight is detected as a time that spent on the explanation of connection between such vertices. Non-adjacent vertices form a bipartite subgraph of educational elements from one semantic group. The properties of adjacency matrix for the graph of discipline were defined in the article. There was proposed the algorithm of the forming graph of discipline with minimum of weight which contains the bipartite subgraphs – semantic groups of elements. Examples of the implementation of the compression method, confirming its universality are given. The bipartite subgraphs of disciplines are constructed for separate sections of disciplines “Building Mechanics”, “Theoretical Foundations of the Finite Element Method” and “Design of Flying Machines”, the principle of the “open architecture” of the method is shown. The testing of the developed method for compliance with the requirements for modern pedagogical technology was conducted. It is shown that the logic of the implementation of the compression method corresponds to the subject logic of the special discipline of the higher technical educational institution, as well as to the logic of mastering the learning material by the students. 

The purpose of research was to study the existing methods of determining the degree of cohesion of two users of social network, identifying their shortcomings and developing a new method. The research identified shortcomings of existing methods and proposed a new method for assessing the degree of cohesion of social network profiles based on open data from a social network. Under the degree of cohesion of users’ profiles is understood the probability of communication (interaction) of profile owners in real life, it is calculated for two users of the social network and expressed in percent. The work of the method is demonstrated on the example of the social network “In contact”. This method includes the sequence of the following stages: the first stage is data collection about users of the social network with API and the formation of tuples of users’ profile characteristics. A tuple of characteristics of social network profiles is the data, collected for each user, stored in a structured form.

The next step is the analysis of the collected information. For each characteristic of the tuple of profiles, i.e. the possible element of interaction of users in the social network, the coefficient of cohesion by the characteristic is calculated. In addition, for each feature, its informativeness is calculated, i.e. how important is this or that feature in this social network. At the final stage, the results are generated, using the formula for the probability of communication between two users, derived during the investigation. Obtained as a result of the application of the method, the probability of communication between two users can be used to optimize the activities of the operative-search services and special bodies.

In addition, the received degree of cohesion of two users can be interpreted as the probability of a channel of information leakage between them. The role of the user of the method can be any private or state organization that cares about the security of corporate data and commercial secrets, the operative-search service, as well as an organization that investigates cybercrimes and information security incidents. 

This work is devoted to the questions of diagnostics and control of primitive machines (combinational circuits), described by Boolean equations in “Theory of machines”, which are the theoretical foundation for formulating and solving problems in the field of computer science. A classic application of these provisions is the development of models of computing systems hardware. Along with the classical application this theory is widely used for modeling and the creation of important software. Well-known scientist in the field of Informatics Brian Randall, speaking at a conference, said: “I remember Doug Ross from Soft Tech Company, many years ago saying that 80 or even 90% of computer science in the future will be based on the theory of finite automata”. The aim of the study is the construction of diagnostic tests for combinational circuits with a check for constant error. The problem of diagnosis is relevant primarily to verify the functioning of large integrated circuits, as design errors are unpredictable and can be equivalent to errors of high multiplicity. In addition, these methods are necessary for diagnosis of such circuits during their manufacture and operation.

The determination of a technical condition of diagnostic object consists in submitting to it a sequence of input actions and subsequent analyze of the degree of matching between the output actions and the algorithm, which the diagnostic object must implement. The input sequences can be either working sequence of impacts, i.e. impacts coming to the object in the process of its operation as intended, or a sequence of specially generated test actions. In the former case it is functional stimulus and in the second case it is test stimulus. The set of tools and the diagnostic object constitute a system of technical diagnostics (STD). Requirements for STD greatly depend on the stage of “life project” (design, manufacture or operation) during which the technical diagnostics is carried out. Checking the correctness of the design is to determine the compliance of functional circuit, made in the required element base with the original design requirements.

Technical diagnosis of circuits that are performed at various stages of their production is an integral part of the technological process of their manufacture. Therefore, there are strict requirements for the duration of the diagnosis that provides the required reliability of the results. The requirements for the reliability of the results, duration, frequency of diagnosis, performed during the operation, may vary within wide limits depending on the purpose of STD and mode of its application [1, 2, 3, 5]. During the research the authors obtained the ways to generate test suites that provide a single view in one direction (no reverse lookup) to determine the fault. At the same time such STD parameters as the required accuracy of the results of technical diagnosis, allowable frequency and duration of diagnosis, a valid memory for storing diagnostic information for the STD for different purposes can vary within a wide range.

Thus, the use of methods for test sets’ construction allows to obtain the algorithm of generation of all the necessary information for conducting diagnostic tests using the analytical form of the output function. The authors formulated conditions sufficient for the generation of the diagnostic sequence for the detection of constant errors in the combinational circuits on the base of the analytical form. The issues outlined above are relevant for teaching in technical universities and widely used in the creation of the operating devices on the base of programmable logical integrated circuits (FPGA) and basic matrix crystals (BMC). 

A standard of describing the process of displaying interactive windows on a computer monitor, through which an output of questions and input of answers are implemented during computer testing, is presented in the article [11]. According to the proposed standard, the description of the process mentioned above is performed with a format line, containing element names, their parameters as well as grouping and auxiliary symbols. Program objects are described using elements of standard. The majority of objects create input and output windows on a computer monitor. The aim of our research was to develop a minimum possible set of elements of standard to perform mathematical and computer science testing.

The choice of elements of the standard was conducted in parallel with the development and testing of the program that uses them. This approach made it possible to choose a sufficiently complete set of elements for testing in fields of study mentioned above. For the proposed elements, names were selected in such a way: firstly, they indicate their function and secondly, they coincide with the names of elements in other programming languages that are similar by function. Parameters, their names, their assignments and accepted values are proposed for the elements. The principle of name selection for the parameters was the same as for elements of the standard: the names should correspond to their assignments or coincide with names of similar parameters in other programming languages. The parameters define properties of objects. Particularly, while the elements of standard create windows, the parameters define object properties (location, size, appearance) and the sequence in which windows are created. All elements of standard, proposed in this article are composed in a table, the columns of which have names and functions of these elements. Inside the table, the elements of standard are grouped row by row into four sets: input elements, output elements, input-output elements, grouping elements. All parameters are collected into another table, columns of which have names, assignments and values of parameters. Elements, for which the parameters are intended, are indicated in whole lines inside of this table. After each table, the necessary explanations are given to some of its items.

An eхаmple of use of the standard for creating an input window of polynomial coefficients is demonstrated at the end of this article. The example shows significant compactness and ease of recording. Moreover, the testing program, based on the elements of standard, proposed in this article was written on HTML, JavaScript, PHP program languages and allows to perform mathematical and computer science testing. The program is available on the website [20]. Students of Moscow State (National Research) University of Civil Engineering were tested frequently using this program.

The composition of elements and their parameters proposed above is convenient and does not require the creators of test problems to have a high level knowledge of programming languages. 

Recently, e-learning around the world is rapidly developing, and the main problem is to provide the students with quality educational information on time. This task cannot be solved without analyzing the large flow of information, entering the information environment of e-learning from participants in the educational process – students, lecturers, administration, etc. In this environment, there are a large number of different types of data, both structured and unstructured. Data processing is difficult to implement by traditional statistical methods. The aim of the study is to show that for the development and implementation of successful e-learning systems, it is necessary to use new technologies that would allow storing and processing large data streams.

In order to store the big data, a large amount of disk space is required. It is shown that to solve this problem it is efficient to use clustered NAS (Network Area Storage) technology, which allows storing information of educational institutions on NAS servers and sharing them with Internet. To process and personalize the Big Data in the environment of e-learning, it is proposed to use the technologies MapReduce, Hadoop, NoSQL and others. The article gives examples of the use of these technologies in the cloud environment. These technologies in e-learning allow achieving flexibility, scalability, availability, quality of service, security, confidentiality and ease of educational information use.

Another important problem of e-learning is the identification of new, sometimes hidden, interconnection in Big Data, new knowledge (data mining), which can be used to improve the educational process and improve its management. To classify electronic educational resources, identify patterns of students with similar psychological, behavioral and intellectual characteristics, developing individualized educational programs, it is proposed to use methods of analysis of Big Data.

The article shows that at present many software applications have been developed for the intellectual analysis of Big Data. These software products can be used for classification, clustering, regression and network analysis of training information. The application of these methods in e-learning will allow lecturers to receive timely information about students, promptly respond to any changes in the learning process, and timely make changes to educational content. The results of the research are proposed to be used to develop recommendations for the creation of electronic courses in higher and secondary educational institutions of Azerbaijan. 

The aim of the study is to develop an ontological model of multiagent smart-system of distance learning for visually impaired people based on Java Agent Development Framework for obtaining high-quality engineering education in laboratories of join use on modern equipment.

Materials and methods of research. In developing multi-agent smart-system of distance learning, using various agents based on cognitive, ontological, statistical and intellectual methods is important. It is more convenient to implement this task in the form of software using multi-agent approach and Java Agent Development Framework. The main advantages of the platform are stability of operation, clear interface, simplicity of creating agents and extensive user database. In multi-agent systems, the solution is obtained automatically as result of interaction of many independent, purposeful agents. Each agent can perform certain tasks and pursue specified goals. Intellectual multi-agent systems and practical applications in distance learning based on them are considered.

Results. The structural diagram of functioning of smart system distance learning for visually impaired people using various agents based on the system approach and the multi-agent platform Java Agent Development Framework is developed. The complex approach of distance learning of visually impaired people for obtaining highquality engineering education in laboratories of joint use on modern equipment is offered.

The ontological model of multi-agent smart-system with a detailed description of the functions of following agents is created: personal, manager, ontological, cognitive, statistical, intellectual, shared laboratory agent, health agent, assistant to the agent and state agent. These agents execute their individual functions and provide a quality environment for learning.

Conclusion. Thus, the proposed smart-system of distance learning for visually impaired people can significantly improve effectiveness and quality of the received education of this category of people. The benefits of using of the developed ontological model of smartsystem of distance learning for visually impaired people based on multifunctional agents are: complex approach, based on the use of various intellectual, cognitive and statistical methods; possibility of developing an individual trajectory of learning for visually impaired people including the psychophysiological features of perception information; distance access to the latest technological equipment for performing laboratory and practical works by visually impaired people in the shared laboratories in real time. The ontological model provides to analyze more deeply the numerous connections between agents and considers it in developing software for smart-system of distance learning for visually impaired people. Multi-agent approach provides multi functionality of system, stability to system errors, and optimization of computing resources. 

The study of electrical engineering, electronics and microcontrollers in accordance with federal state educational standards requires from students the practical mastering of experimental methods for the study of electrical circuits and electronic circuits, the formation of competences and skills in the calculation of electrical circuits and electronic circuits. The modern development of information educational technologies, the widespread use of a variety of computer facilities by students in reducing teaching hours for the study of disciplines make it necessary to create new multimedia training complexes, using computer simulation of electrical circuits, electronic circuits and microcontrollers in the lecture process and in the laboratory and practical exercises. The purpose of the research was a comparative analysis of various computer simulation programs in terms of their accessibility, ease of development and efficiency of use by lecturers and students in the educational process, and the creation and testing of a training complex for the electrical engineering, electronics and microcontrollers using the selected modeling environment.

The problems associated with the need to purchase licensed software were discussed and a comparative analysis of the following computer modeling programs for electrical circuits and electronic circuits was performed: NI Multisim, Micro-Cap, Proteus VSM, OrCAD, TINA. The research method included the study of these modeling and design programs, writing of teaching aids and conducting of training sessions with students. The cost of licenses for the software application in computer classes and on students’ home computers was estimated. As a result, the conclusion was confirmed about the advisability of using the free student program of computer modeling TINA-TI and the TINACloud environment from DesignSoft for the teaching of electrical engineering and electronics.

The new software product TINACloud uses cloud-based Internet technologies and can be launched through the browser anywhere in the world without installing a program in the computer. This service offers many educational resources and allows students to carry out virtual research and laboratory practical work on electrical equipment, electronics and microprocessor technology on laptops, tablets and other mobile devices at any time and in any place. The cost of an annual student license is 12 Euros.

With the use of TINA and TINACloud programs, a training complex on electrical engineering, electronics and microcontrollers was developed. It contains five published training manuals, electronic lecture notes on electrical engineering and electronics, computer labs on electrical engineering, electronics and microcontrollers, a multimedia workshop on electronics, video tutorials.

This complex is being successfully used in the educational process for full-time and distance education, it also implements the concepts of modern open and mobile education, the basic materials of the complex are placed on the Internet on the website “Electrical engineering and electronics. Educational resources for students and teachers” [URL: http://www.toe-mirea.ru/].

The educational complex can be used in universities and colleges to teach students in areas related to electronics, instrument engineering, and management in technical systems, robotics, radio engineering, computer science and computer technology, etc. 

In Russia and abroad the teamwork gained popularity in the labor market as a form of collective interaction between multiprofessional groups of specialists in implementing business projects, carrying out research and development projects, designing technological solutions and creating innovative products. At the same time, in the educational practice, especially when using distant educational technologies, the command method of instruction is quite rare. The reason for this is that the teamwork in the implementation of educational programs requires fixating individual educational outcomes of each trainee, their contribution to the performance of the group task. It complicates the organization of the educational process. As the result, educational organizations do not often use this educational form because of the complexity of its application in the conduct of intermediate and final attestation.

Research goal. search and validation of a problem solution that can be formulated as a contradiction between the need to perform group homework assignments in distant learning and the necessity to fix the individual educational results of each trainee for the purpose of intermediate and final attestation. The authors of the article offer basic methodological principles that allow finding the balance in-between the requirements of legislation and preserving the team approach in the process of group work of trainees.

Materials and methods. The initial materials of the research are an overview of existing publications on the organization of teamwork of trainees is used, including the implementation of training in a long distance format, the legislation of the Russian Federation regarding interim and final certification of trainees, as well as practical experience in implementing training programs, based on ANO “E-learning for Nanoindustry (“eNano”)”. Based on these materials, the authors offer basic methodological principles, obtained empirically and subject to validation in the process of research. The validation of the proposed principles was carried out using the example of an advanced training program “Design and Development of Electronic Training Courses”, implemented by ANO “eNano” by an expert survey, and based on a statistically significant sample.

Results. As the result of research, the authors obtained confirmation of the effectiveness of the proposed methodological principles, using the expert survey method by questioning 35 participants who had completed the above-mentioned advanced training program in a completely distant format. This total set was formed from three flows, within which the trainees were divided into groups of 3–4 people and themselves moderated the roles within the subgroups when performing group (team) assignments. Particular value in this sample is that all trainees have higher educational level and all they are employees and lecturers of five Russian universities (Samara State University, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, P.G.Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Kazan National Research Technological University, National University of Science and Technology, Moscow), among them – 6 professors, doctors of sciences, 18 associate professors, candidates of sciences, 2 deans, 2 heads of departments, 4 directors of distance learning centers. 

Conclusion. The authors hope to continue this research, extending it to professional retraining programs and masters’ programs in the full long distance format.

What should be the media of a modern education institution? How is the educational organization supposed to be represented in social media? What methods of increasing the level of media literacy of teachers and students should optimally use?

As the purpose of this study the authors can see in the development and presentation of an optimal model of media space for modern educational institutions which will take into account not only the changes in the education process, but also the needs of the modern audience – teachers, students, parents, and educational partners. The resources of “Moscow e-school” become part of the educational media sphere of modern educational organizations.

Resources and methods: resources of an educational institution, namely, social media, blogs and microblogs, users’ accounts, channels, educational platforms, which present the work of educators. The importance of analyzing media of the modern educational institution is that media-education serves as a pedagogical system, allowing the use of modern techniques and technologies through the development of critical thinking, which occurs under the influence of information flows. In this regard, there is a need for the comprehensive approach to the media organization in the modern school. An integral element of the complex approach is the creation of conditions for the development of media literacy for teachers and learners.

The result of this research is the optimal model of media space for the modern school, which includes social networking profiles, microblogging, blogs, users’ accounts, and web resources, each of which has its own purpose and functional features.

As a conclusion we can note that one of the core values of the media model is the development of creative and critical thinking, the acquisition of experience and tools of media, independent search, the ability to use information flows for the effective communication, solving educational and cognitive, other personal problems and tasks, i.e. the orientation is not so much on the knowledge as on the acquisition of positive experience of the independent work.

The Russian education system is in continuous process of modernization today. Changes in the Russian society, policy and economy exert direct impact on this process. These changes define those conditions in which it is necessary to gain knowledge, abilities and mastering professional activity, and further to carry out labor professional activity by the young specialist. In addition, an important role in this process is played by motivation, and one of the main motives is interest in training.

At the initial stage, we have made an experiment, by questioning the 1-year students, which has shown that the students of the university at the beginning of the educational activity have poor interest in training and this subsequently entails not fully mastering the educational programs.

Researches of psychologists (B. Ananyev, A. Arkhipov, L. Bozhovich, L. Gordon, V. Ivanov, A. Kovalyov, A. Leontyev, N. Morozova, V. Myasishchev, S. Rubenstein, B. Teplov, etc.), teachers (V. Belikov, R. Gilman, M. Duranov, V. Zhernov, T. Klimova, Ya. Komensky, O. Lesher, John Locke, A. Markova, V. Maximova, V. Ushachev, K. Ushinsky, O. Shentsova, G. Schukina, etc.) show that interest is the important motive, which contributes to the effective development of different types of activity and stimulates the student on activity performance.

The purpose of this work – consideration of tools for the emotional and comfortable educational environment as the pedagogical condition, contributing to the development of students’ interest in training at universities.

In the main part of the paper, development of students’ interest in training at universities is considered. Pedagogical approach to a solution consists of the following: to present in pedagogical process a possibility of interesting aspects of the educational activity; to excite and constantly maintain the students’ state of active interest by educational processes; to purposefully form and develop interest as the valuable property of the personality in training, promoting her informative activity.

Interest in training – “is a form of manifestation of need of the personality for cognitive activity, owing to her emotional appeal and the vital importance, through active aspiration to knowledge acquisition, abilities, possession where in organic unity intellectual, emotional and strong-willed processes interact”.

Also the personal and activity training is considered, including the personal focused and individual, informative and synergetic approaches, the levels of development of interest in training are marked out; tools for the emotional and comfortable educational environment, which influences efficiency of development of students’ interest in training at universities. The structural model of the educational environment has been developed, that includes spatial and subject, social, actionable, information and technological, substantial and spiritual components, which are considered by the authors in detail.

When determining the educational environment we have used the method of the vector modeling, developed by V.Yasvin, which is based on the system of coordinates, consisting of an axis of FD “freedom-dependence” and an axis of AP “activity-passivity”. Results of an experiment have shown that at the beginning the value of freedom of the educational environment is more than value of activity, and by the end the value of activity of the educational environment has increased and the value of freedom became much less.

Criteria and indicators of the interest development in training have been developed.

Comparing the received results, it has been noted that the most significant increase in the development level of students’ interest in training is observed in the group where all possible means and methods of creation of the emotional and comfortable educational environment at universities were actively used. It means that creation of the emotional and comfortable educational environment at universities has direct influence on efficiency of the interest development of students in training.