The article is devoted to the issues of organization of blended learning using Web 2.0 services intended at providing educational services via the Internet. The learning process is designed by implementing learning technologies based on the active work of students, including cooperation, joint creativity and the development of personally significant Internet resources. At the same time, students interact with the instructor in an active form both internally and remotely. The effectiveness of mastering the course by students in the process of blended learning depends on the ratio of the forms of study used (classroom work, independent work (individual, group), distance interaction) and the nature of the information presented for classroom and independent work. The problem of finding the optimal combination of forms, methods and means of training is one of the key to providing a holistic learning process.

The purpose of this work is to consider the methodological aspects of the organization of blended learning using Web 2.0 services to improve the quality of educational services and motivate students to perform various types of educational activities.

The main part of the article considers with the educational opportunities of the most popular Web 2.0 services, the pedagogical features and the nature of the implementation of study assignments in the process of blended learning, identifies the specifics of implementing joint activities in the Internet, and determines the approaches to organizing the network interaction of the teacher and students. Web 2.0 services were used to organize open access to the information resources of the course and the personal information space of students, to discuss issues collectively and to collaborate with students on the training project, to provide prompt and reliable communication between students and the teacher, passing tests and interviews to identify the intermediate level knowledge or to determine the attitude of students to some problem. As a theoretical basis for the organization and maintenance of blended learning using Web 2.0 services was used a five-step model of moderating online learning by J. Salmon (access and motivation, online socialization, information exchange, knowledge building, development). The article gives an example of the practical implementation of J. Salmon’s model using Web 2.0 services (blogs, social photo and video services, social bookmarking services, social networking services, etc.).

After completion of the training, students were questioned (32 participants) in order to establish their attitude to the use of Web 2.0 services in the learning process. As a result of the performed research, the effectiveness of the proposed methodological approaches to the organization of blended learning has been confirmed. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the process of network interaction is determined by the high level of students’ interest in this activity, the social involvement of students in it, the desire to present their point of view on the problem that has arisen, to justify and prove it to other members of the discourse. 

Requirements to the quality of students’ training are constantly growing; employers also are interested in obtaining high-quality professionals in the current system of Bachelor’s – Master’s degree. For the efficient operation of the system “lecturer” – “student” it is necessary to have highly qualified lecturers and modern material and technical equipment for the educational process.

The goal of this work is to perform the analysis of the current teaching situation; on the example of the profile discipline to develop a learning algorithm and its implementation in accordance with the laws of the didactics of Bachelors in 08.01.03 construction direction “Highways”.

Materials and methods: the methods of research consist in studying the basics of Didactics (learning theory) with positions of interdisciplinary areas of knowledge, such as general theory and graph sys tems, familiarizing with the functioning laws of the learning process, pedagogical technologies of domestic and foreign researchers. Basic materials were the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia from 12.03.2015 N 201 “On approval of the federal state educational standard of higher education in preparing 08.03.01 construction (Bachelor level)” (Registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia 07.04.2015 N 36767); core curriculum educational programs for Bachelors in 08.03.01 “Construction”, as well as educational and methodical complex of discipline that was developed by the leading lecturer in accordance with the legal requirements.

Results: The presented model of the logical structure of the training course of the discipline “Fundamentals of the design of transport structures” makes it possible to visualize in the graph system the totality of interaction between the didactic units of the discipline under study with other disciplines of the basic educational program, their interrelation and hierarchy. The assessment of the nature of the existing links of the learning process performed in the work made it possible to identify the problems and contradictions of the latter.

The developed learning technology of mastering the profile discipline takes into account the levels of training and learning that allows creating an effective communication channel “lecturer” – “student”, the successful work of which creates opportunities for solving a large number of methodological problems of teaching and self-study of the course.

Conclusion: The analysis of works on pedagogy, psychology, didactics and technology of the educational process performed in the article allowed to develop an effective logical structure of the educational material. This structure contributes to the systematization and generalization of knowledge, obtained by students in junior courses in the study of disciplines of the natural-mathematical and natural-scientific cycles, which are basic for mastering profile disciplines in senior courses.

It is possible to improve the existing situation, perhaps by developing effective methodology of teaching technical subjects of appropriate specialization, which will produce positive results with the right logical structure of the course, individualization of learning, and regular quality control of knowledge. As a result, the student acquires the skills, necessary for professional practice, skills in working with regulatory and technical literature, graphic editors, computer programs and technologies and, due to, the initial experience to design traffic facilities, necessary for the formation of practical skills and abilities, development of competencies and didactic units, corresponding to the profile of the “Highways”. 

The aim of the research is the intellectual systems, focused on the use of cognitive mechanisms relating to the issues of formation and formalization of reality representation for solving the problems of goaloriented behavior. The interest to the use of cognitive mechanisms arose after it became evident that while using various achievements in the field of information technologies, the computer is inferior to a man in solving some intellectual problems. The article examines the possibility of using cognitive approach. This approach allows to reduce the volumes of the information being processed while working out the managerial solutions for unplanned, unexpected situations.

For the use of cognitive mechanisms the author considers the methods that ensure their application in the formation and structuring of concept-representations. When solving this task we use modern methods and technologies of а modular approach. So service-oriented architecture represents a modular approach to software development. This approach uses replaceable components that have standardized interfaces and communicate over standardized protocols. An agent-oriented approach is equally important for smart system developers. Compared to objects, agents are not entities that require specific methods from each other, but entities that request the operation of required actions. The agent is at a significantly higher level of complexity with respect to traditional objects in an object-oriented approach. Using these approaches and methods, the author considers the issues of building modules of intelligent systems with the integration of the computer paradigm and cognitive mechanisms.

The article presents the structure of a cybernetic system for solving relatively simple problems of goal-oriented behavior. The system uses a classical approach to the representation of reality – sensual images. These images are formed of features, the values of which are obtained from various sources (sensors, software applications) OTS. The modules which are necessary for forming conceptsrepresentations of reality from sensual images are shown. A concept representation is a generalized sense-visual image of an object or phenomenon. Concepts-representations are static and represent a reflection of a set of the brightest external, sensually perceived signs of a separate subject or a reality phenomenon. A demo example of the formation of concept representation is presented. A fragment of the knowledge base containing the generated concept representation is shown.

The application of the considered approach will allow us to approach not only the problem solution of the formation of conceptrepresentations, but also their use for the solution of the task of a goal-oriented behavior. In this task it is possible to allocate two stages. At the first stage control actions (commands) can be used, which can be planned and implemented without changes. At the second stage it will be possible to form generalized representations of commands. In this case, you will need to translate them into a specific, executable form. These mechanisms can be used in cybernetic systems to reduce the amount of processed information in decision-making, to overcome unplanned, unexpected situations. 

Purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is the problem of forming a knowledge model of a specialist with higher education that is a part of an educational project. Its relevance is related to the need for an adequate response to strengthening the scientific and technological progress dynamics and the transition to the information interactions economy in the current conditions of the higher education system.

Materials and methods. The information base of the research includes the laws on education of the Russian Federation, educational standards of higher professional education, scientists’ publications on the issues under investigation. The study used the following methods: system analysis, active systems theory, reflexive control theory, and modeling.

Results. The research analyzes the consequences of Russia’s entry into the Bologna Convention on education. It shows that this event caused the problem of efficiency and quality of training specialists, as well as the problem of integrating higher education institutions into a new social and economic system related to their adaptation to market relations. According to the principle of institutional autonomy, solution of these problems is the responsibility of universities. The paper shows that the way to solve these problems is to transfer universities to a design and technological type of administration. The most promising form of education project management is the model of information interaction within the framework of active self-developing network expert environments. The elementary part of such an environment is an expert professional, who owns modern telecommunication technologies and Internet means. Integration in the natural intelligence network structure forms a collective strategic subject, which is a tool of a knowledge and action synergy in the interaction process. The paper describes the developed structure of the active self-developing network expert environment and two principles of its functioning as an active multi-agent system when forming a specialist knowledge model. It is proposed to consider the construction of specialist’s knowledge model in the context of corporate knowledge management strategies in organizations to increase competitiveness, as the established support systems for organization knowledge lifecycle and specialist’s integral knowledge model are used to integrate strategic corporate tasks with strategic tasks of developing employees’ corporate knowledge. They consider a specialist as an element of a company production system. His purpose is to give a product specified quantitative and qualitative parameters that ensure its competitive advantages. To carry out production activities, a specialist uses a complex of abilities, knowledge and skills that should be considered as models of his production and technological activities. At each moment, this complex should be considered as a subjective model of its production and technological activity. This creates a basis for a university self-development process by involving advanced consumers using network technologies in the innovative process of improving educational services, receiving ideas or content by referring to their creative abilities in exchange for a reward that corresponds to a contribution. The paper proposes a system that provides a direction for finding solutions and ideas, as well as filtering, summarizing information, determining its value and prospects. It is shown that the method of improving the quality of solutions on an educational project is the synthesis of crowdsourcing technologies, network expertise and the methodology of the active systems theory.

Conclusions. The proposed approach allows considering the process of extracting new ideas and knowledge when forming a specialist’s knowledge model as an active system with heterogeneous agents with a counter way of sharing information and active influence of the center in the form of queries to obtain reflexive estimates. It also allows ensuring the interaction of universities and an organization in managing their intellectual capital. 

A new method of teaching the subject “Fundamentals of rocket and space techniques” was suggested in the paper. This method is using the specialized calculation programs as a didactic tool for forming the educational material not only for practical training, but for the theoretical course too. A brief review of the educational literature on rocket and space techniques, published over the past decades was made. Organizational and methodological problems, associated with the teaching discipline are indicated: to define the educational material volume and content, the need to establish interdisciplinary connections, the search of tasks, which have numerical initial data and solution.

The overview of pedagogical technologies and the requirements for modern didactic tools is made. On the basis of this analysis the principles of developing a new didactic tool are formulated. The educational technology with the educational process formation on the ahead basis is used. The knowledge is represented in a collapsed form. The combination of procedures for modeling and analysis of the knowledge is realized. The visualization of knowledge is achieved by considering of numerical illustration. The inductive synthesis and deductive analysis are used as psychological and pedagogical methods, as well as the formation of problematic situations.

Three specialized calculation programs are used in the implementation of this didactic tool. The programs are: TERRA (B.Trusov) – the calculation of chemical and phase equilibrium of multicomponent systems; RK1 (N.Generalov) – the calculation of flight characteristics and geometrical parameters of the single-stage ballistic missile with liquid rocket engine; TRIJ1 (N.Generalov) – the calculation of trajectory for leading out the payload of the single-stage ballistic missile. The study of the subject begins with the programs interfaces studying and tests performing. After that, the content of programs TERRA, RK1 and TRIJ1 expands into semantic network in the lectures and seminars. The original data and the results of these programs are the connection component of the semantic network. Fragments of this semantic network is given in the paper. Possible constructive circuits of the compartments, the characteristics of materials and technological methods of manufacture are discussed depending on the layout scheme of the rocket. Values of flight characteristics of missiles associate with the equations of motion of the aircraft, formulated relative to the design-ballistic parameters. It is possible to go from the calculated thermodynamic parameters of the propulsion system to the presentation of information on the basics of the theory of rocket engines, composition and unit’s air-hydraulic systems.

The problem of creating a pressurization of the fuel tanks of missile is discussed in detail. Formal cognitive card about the types of pressurization of the fuel tanks was developed. There are tasks formulated with the use of data from programs TERRA, RK1 and TRIJ1 that are easily solved and give illustrative numerical results, not only visualizing, but also modeling of the knowledge. Course homework “determination of the internal forces in the body of the rocket” was developed. This is a classical task from educational literature on the rocketry. It is possible to vary the level of difficulty of that task with the results of programs RK1 and TRIJ1. A comparison of the proposed new method of teaching and traditional approach was made. The developed method of teaching the subject “Fundamentals of rocket and space techniques” is used in the educational process at “Special Engineering” Faculty of Bauman Moscow State Technical University. 

This work was developed while teaching students the cryptanalysis. The course includes the study of statistics of (Russian encrypted) texts. The purpose of training is to learn how to extract redundant information of the text and to descript the cryptogram without a password. One of the most comfortable methods for learning is a simple substitution and similar encryption systems, which are presented in most courses of cryptography. This paper presents a method of automatic separation of vowels and consonants in Russian texts, which releases some of the redundancy of the cipher text. In addition, this method greatly facilitates the task of descript some other symmetric ciphers which may be reduced to simple substitution.

The aim of this work is to develop and implement a method for the automatic selection of vowels in Russian texts, enciphered by a simple substitution and similar encryption systems.

According to the theory of Shannon, for unambiguous decoding of the text you want the redundancy of the text that exceeds the entropy of the password. After the separation of vowels and consonants redundancy of the text increases to one bit per symbol, this allows you to open shorter encrypted texts. Moreover, the separation of vowels and consonants greatly simplifies the cryptanalysis of some ciphers. For instance, cryptanalysis of the most famous encryption method - method of simple substitution-requires selection of one of N! possible passwords (where N is the number of letters in the alphabet). For the Russian language it is 33! or nearly 2 to 123rd degrees of options. After the separation of vowels and consonants you will need a selection of 10!*23!, or nearly 2 to 96th degrees of options. The number of combinations is reduced to one hundred million times, that makes the cryptanalysis much easier. The program that implements this method first creates a matrix of the probabilities of bigrams of the text.

For this matrix Markov criterion calculated, defined as the difference between the conditional probabilities of vowel-consonant and vowelvowel diagram’s types. For an alphabet consisted of N characters the program defines a combination of a given number k of “vowels” by exhaustive search. This combination of k symbols maximizes Markov criterion. The order relation of the new “vowels” for k = 1, 2, 3... characterizes the descending of their “strength” and can be used to separate vowels from consonants. In texts of sufficient volume there are possible approximate ranking of the vowel’s set. A more accurate ranking is possible when as a measure of “symbol power” Markov criterion’s increments are used. The algorithm speed can be greatly accelerated by using some tricks of steepest descent method. The test program discovered the independence of Markov criterion from the text’s author as well as its unimodality for long texts. Using this criterion, the algorithm can separate vowels from consonants for short (up to 100 characters) texts as well as the ranking of vowels for texts as small as 250-500 letters. The similarity of Markov criterion’s statistics of letters “ь”, “ъ” and standard vowels is discovered. These two letters are inseparable by Markov criterion method from the standard vowels. The test results showed that Markov criterion method can be used for cryptanalysis of short Russian texts as well as texts of the other consonant languages. 

In 2018, the 20th anniversary of the Scientific and Pedagogical School “System Analysis in Engineering and Control”, which unites scientists who developing the Theory of Systems and System Analysis in various universities in Russia, Ukraine, Norway, Poland, USA, Finland and other countries.

The school considers itself to be a successor of: the school of the Moscow Energy Institute, in which Dr. of Technical Sciena, Professor F.E. Temnikov (1906-1993), created in 1970 the first in the country the department in the direction of the theory of systems and system studies, the Department of System Engineering$ and the school of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute (now Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University), which since 1973 at the Faculty of Technical Cybernetics Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, (later -Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation) A.A. Denisov (1934-2010) studied the generality of processes in systems of various physical nature and also proposed the theory of the information field and information, approach to analysis of system.

In 1994, Dr. Tech. Professor, Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation, VN Kozlov, renamed the Department of Technical Cybernetics headed by him, to the Depart-ment”System Analysis and Management” and opened a new direction of the same name for the preparation of bachelors and masters,and this is played a major role in the establishment of the Polytechnic University scientific and pedagogical school.

Since 1998, on the basis of the Polytechnic University, a conference “System Analysis in Engineering and Control” has been held annually, which has become the basis for the formation of a school with the same name of unifying scientists from Russian and foreign universities and research institutes involved in the development the Theory of Systems and System Analysis as applied theory of systems..

This article is characterized by the main results, which over the past 20 years, scientists, united by the school, made contribution to the development of Theory of Systems, System Analysis and other scientific directions. 

The purpose of the study was to develop a method of continuous improvement of services using the Business Intelligence tools.

Materials and methods: the materials are used on the concept of the Deming Cycle, methods and Business Intelligence technologies, Agile methodology and SCRUM.

Results: the article considers the problem of continuous improvement of services and offers solutions using methods and technologies of Business Intelligence. In this case, the purpose of this technology is to solve and make the final decision regarding what needs to be improved in the current organization of services. In other words, Business Intelligence helps the product manager to see what is hidden from the “human eye” on the basis of received and processed data. Development of a method based on the concept of the Deming Cycle and Agile methodologies, and SCRUM.

The article describes the main stages of development of method based on activity of the enterprise. It is necessary to fully build the Business Intelligence system in the enterprise to identify bottlenecks and justify the need for their elimination and, in general, for continuous improvement of the services. This process is represented in the notation of DFD. The article presents a scheme for the selection of suitable agile methodologies.

The proposed concept of the solution of the stated objectives, including methods of identification of problems through Business Intelligence technology, development of the system for troubleshooting and analysis of results of the introduced changes. The technical description of the project is given.

Conclusion: following the work of the authors there was formed the concept of the method for the continuous improvement of the services, using the Business Intelligence technology with the specifics of the enterprises, offering SaaS solutions. It was also found that when using this method, the recommended development methodology is SCRUM. The result of this scientific research is the continuous improvement of IT services, using Business Intelligence for enterprises, offering SaaS solutions, which solves the problems, identified in the existing methods of continuous improvement. Proposed method consists of the following steps:

– analysis of the current status of the service and identification of bottlenecks;

– analysis of possible causes of problems;

– formation of requirements to improve services;

– development of the part of the system, including troubleshooting; – analysis of the results of the implemented changes;

– definition of new measurable criteria and data collection.

The developed method was used at the enterprise Ltd “Solomoto”. In the course of practical testing of this method the identified problem of tutorials in SaaS platform Solomoto was eliminated. In addition, they identified several positive effects from the implementation of this method in the enterprise. They include the following:

– increase in the quality of requirements’ formation;

– improving response to business needs;

– reduce costs and negative impact on the implementation of changes;

– improving the quality of information on the state of services and the improvement of various metrics; – improving the quality of work of staff;

– improving the competitiveness of enterprises through continuous improvement and maintaining the service up to date.