Despite the efforts made, various and progressive innovations in the education system remain a number of national problems, referred to as the “faults” of Russian education, which do not allow to achieve the strategic goals.

The purpose of the study: to analyze the evolution of the reform of the domestic education system for a long historical period, analyzes the content of legal acts relating to Russian education, in particular the Law of the Russian Federation “On education in the Russian Federation”. The formation of education goals and the problems currently facing the Ministry of science and higher education of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of education of the Russian Federation and the independent Federal authority – Rosobrnadzor are analyzed.

Two concepts of basic models of education, European and Anglo-American, are considered. It is noted that the Russian education in the present period of time, as well as other public institutions, in many respects are at the crossroads between the two models of management systems.

Materials and method: comparative analysis of approaches to education management, as well as methods of scenario modeling and structural and functional analysis were chosen as research methods.

The results of the comparative analysis allow us to state that the Russian education now, are at the crossroads of the choice of management system, the choice of which is hidden in the “rivalry” of the two concepts of the main models of education: European or Anglo-American.

The European model assumes orientation of education on formation of the personality, the statement about need of orientation of formation of the personality in the mode of pragmatism is the basis of the Anglo-American model.

The analysis allows us to conclude that the choice of management system largely depends on the socio-economic environment and the processes taking place in the country.

Purpose of the study is carrying out the analysis of current trends in education in the conditions of digitalization. In the put modern economic and technological conditions new modern approaches to development of key competences of digital economy, ensuring mass digital literacy of experts and personalisation of educational process are required. For realization of the specified purpose the passport of the Federal project “Shots for Digital Economy” is approved on May 28, 2019. According to target indicators of the Project by 2024 have to be trained on online to programs of development of digital literacy; 120 thousand people have to be accepted on training in programs of the higher education in the sphere of information technologies; about 8 programs of the higher education for the benefit of digital economy are created. The research problem – to establish as far as realizuyema goals.

Materials and methods. For the purpose of the description of the current situation methods of descriptive statistics are used. The analysis of information collected during the sociological poll organized and held by PPS of department of statistics together with ANO Council for Questions of Management and Development at Department of work and social protection of the population of the city of Moscow is provided. Methods of visualization of data are applied to evident data presentation. Data processing was carried out with application of MS of Excel and a package of the IBM SPSS Statistics application programs.

Results. The carried-out analysis allowed to define top trends in education. The revealed trends proved need of improvement of quality of education with application of information and communication technologies. Results of a research show about demand in labor market of experts in the sphere of information and communication technologies, including among persons with limited opportunities. The world rankings testify to low positions of Russia on the level of involvement of the experts having the specified skills.

Conclusion. At the same time, the programs implemented by the state in education will allow to build a qualitative education system at all levels, including both support of talented youth in mathematics and informatics, and training of the highly qualified personnel conforming to new requirements of digital economy and also programs of retraining and professional development for the most demanded professions.

The aim of the study is to investigate the possibility of applying Bayesian adaptation algorithms to cognitive systems that perceive the Poisson process of external events.

The method of research is the use of stochastic description and synthesis of cognitive systems, including the theory of doubly stochastic Poisson processes and the theory of Bayesian adaptation. The formal definition of cognitive systems in the state space in the spirit of similar definitions of the theory of dynamic systems is formulated. The definition has become a methodological basis for the development of models of those sets and transformations that are characteristic of cognitive systems. In particular, to describe the stochastic properties of cognitive systems and the possibility of creating an optimal algorithm, the Bayesian approach recognized in a number of philosophical works is applied.

The optimal estimate by the criterion of the minimum standard error is, as is known, a posteriori mathematical expectation of a random estimated value, which is applied in this work. In this case, the well- known difficulty of using Bayesian optimal estimation is the need to set a priori probabilities of a random variable in the system under consideration. An adaptive Bayesian estimation algorithm, also known as the empirical Bayesian approach, is used to overcome this problem. According to the above it is believed that at the entrance of the cognitive system, namely in the unconscious in continuous time there are some events that are modeled by random points. The intensity of the appearance of points is determined by a random variable X, the evaluation of which is the task of the cognitive system as a whole. Up to some time in the field of the unconscious the number of random events accumulate (in mathematical language the classifying sample is formed). At some point, an attempt is made to estimate the value of X, i.e. an attempt to move information from the unconscious area of the cognitive system to the conscious, which is a mental act, an act of learning, etc. From a mathematical point of view, such a model of cognitive functioning is the implementation of an adaptive Bayesian approach, which allows to reduce the influence of a priori distribution of an unknown quantity on its evaluation.

The described model of the cognitive system is justified by the fact that the value of X is not only random, but also with an unknown a priori distribution, is not observed directly, and in some way must be evaluated by the cognitive system on the basis of the already existing in the unconscious number of events and the last event on the basis of which.

The optimal estimation of the random parameter is used to solve the problem of classification of observations, i.e. the optimal verification of the one-sided hypothesis by the Bayesian criterion.

As a result of the undertaken consideration the applicability of the developed formal definition of cognitive system for the formulation of various problems of analysis and synthesis of systems is demonstrated. The advantage of the applied model is the minimum amount of a priori information about the processes occurring in the system. One assumption about the Poisson nature of the events occurring at the input of the system was sufficient.

The results of a computational experiment on the adaptive estimation of a random parameter with an unknown a priori distribution are presented.

In conclusion it is noted that the further development of the study can be a detailed formulation of the mathematical properties of the elements of the cognitive system mentioned in the definition, formulation, solution and interpretation of new mathematical problems of analysis and synthesis.

Purpose of the study. The aim of the study is the formation of the modular architecture of an intelligent system for solving the problems of the Internet of things. For this, modern trends in the development of technologies are considered, among which the most significant, promising areas and events in the field of information technologies are highlighted. Among these areas, events highlighted: the introduction of Industry 4.0 technologies; use of cloud, fog computing; machine learning; cognitive approach in the field of artificial intelligence; development of cognitive computing. The main content of these areas is disclosed. In the context of the Internet of things, the modular architecture of an intelligent system is considered and its modules for solving tasks of purposeful behavior are described. As part of the development of the Internet of things, approaches to the management of innovative processes are considered. Emphasis is placed on the use of cognitive maps. With an increase in the volume of information, problems arise in making effective decisions. For this, intelligent systems focused on the use of conceptual representations and scripting concepts are considered.

Materials and research methods. When solving problems within the framework of the Industry 4.0 concept (the Internet of things), new approaches and methods are required. System Industry 4.0 represents many technologies, including the creation of devices, sensors, and many protocols for their interaction. One of its main directions is the Internet of things, which represents a new step in improving the Internet. For the development of the Internet of things, fog computing is used that extends and complements cloud computing. One of the central places on the Internet of things is machine learning. A brief description of the basic methods of machine learning is given. The use of a cognitive approach in the context of understanding and using mechanisms that allow a person to decipher information about reality and organize it for comparisons, decision making and many new tasks that arise in everyday life is shown. The developing directions of cognitive computing are presented.

Results. The modular architecture of an intelligent system for solving the problems of the Internet of things is proposed: modules of an intelligent system for solving the problems of the Internet of things using sensory images; intelligent system modules for solving the problems of the Internet of things using conceptual representations; intelligent system modules for solving the problems of the Internet of things using concept scenarios. Significant, promising areas and events in the field of information technology are presented and their main content is disclosed. Approaches to the management of innovative processes are considered. The use of a fuzzy cognitive map is described, which reflects the stages and factors of creating a robot vacuum cleaner that affect the life cycle.

Conclusion. Using the modular architecture of an intelligent system allows you to solve the problem of targeted behavior using sensual images of the world. Such systems can be used to solve the problems of the Internet of things. Using an integrated approach to the description of reality, the intelligent system of modular architecture allows the formation of conceptual representations and conceptual scenarios. They can reduce the flow of information, which is important for the Internet of things and the Internet of everything. Description of significant, promising areas in the field of information technology, approaches to managing innovative processes gives an understanding of the development of cognitive computing.

Digital distance education technologies are a relevant issue today. For the training of crew members, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards, the International Convention on the Training and Certification of Seafarers and Watchkeeping, and several other legislative documents. The article provides individual digital educational trajectories and an individual profile of students’ competencies using the Data Mining methods and the Moodle system.

Purpose of the study: To study the issue of application of digital distance learning technologies complying with the requirements for ship crew members. Solving the problem of forming an individual digital educational trajectory and an individual competency profile of a student.

Materials and methods: The concepts of distance learning technologies and e-learning, approved at the legislative level as the Federal Law dated December 29, 2012 No. 273-ФЗ «Education in the Russian Federation». According to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation on May 23, 2015 No. 497 «On the Federal Targeted Program for the Development of Education for 2016-2020», within the framework of Target 5 «Formation of a high-demand system for assessing the quality of education and educational outcomes», the following activities are planned: Typical models of constant evaluation of students’ learning achievements, allowing to form trajectories of individual development of students in secondary professional educational organizations and organizations of higher education». Individual educational trajectory is a personal way to realize the personal potential of each student in education. The individual educational trajectory in the period of digitalization of education and using of e-learning methods, distance learning technologies is an individual digital educational trajectory. An important element of an individual digital educational trajectory is the individual competence profile of students. The formation with the using Data Mining technology based on the Moodle e-learning system is considered.

Results: The construction of an individual digital educational trajectory, including individual profiles of students’ competencies and the trajectories of their development, can be implemented using data mining, proper configuration, construction of matrices of various levels of connectivity using the modules of Competence and Curriculum of the Moodle system. The article presents the formation of the student’s competencies based on the construction, as well as the analytical unit of an individual digital educational trajectory and an example of an individual competency profile in the Moodle system.

Conclusion: Training of crew members using digital distance education technologies is possible, but at the same time it has many limitations on the part of requirements. It is important to correctly combine the traditional form of education and digital learning technologies.

Purpose of the study. The aim of the study is to analyze the optimal conditions for the use of electronic educational environment and competence-activity approach in the educational process of the university for the training of bachelors in the direction of “business informatics”.

The urgency of the problems outlined in this article is determined by the need to develop human resources in the field of information technology and improve the quality of training in this area.

The object of the research is the training of full-time students of educational institutions of higher professional education, carried out in the conditions of education informatization.

Materials and research methods. The article analyzes the possibility of effective use of electronic educational resources in the educational process in terms of informatization of higher education, as well as the impact of the use of the competence-activity approach and interdisciplinary connections on the development of students’ professional competencies.

Results. Taking into account the analysis carried out on the use of electronic educational environment at NUST “MISiS”, it is shown that it is promising to be shared with the competence-activity approach in order to bring the training of IT specialists in line with modern requirements at the shortage of time resources.

Conclusion. In the transition to a digital economy in our country, it is necessary to form the approaches to the training of IT industry specialists. The use of the electronic educational environment “LMS Canvas” at the NUST “MISiS” and the competence-activity approach, which implies not the message, but the formation of students’ knowledge in the process of implementing the project development, has proved its effectiveness in preparing bachelors in the direction of “business informatics”. This approach made it possible, through effective use of interdisciplinary connections in the e-learning environment, to involve students in the process of active learning, to improve the process of key competencies forming, to improve substantially the quality of diploma works and their practical significance, as well as to increase the level of compliance with global trends in the field of higher education informatization.