DISCUSSION CLUB
The paper shows that nowadays the Internet is increasingly used in higher education. It is argued that the main directions of research use the Internet show a positive effect of using a global network of higher education. It was revealed that in addition to the positive influence of the Internet network has a signifi cant negative impact. Identifi ed such negative factors as the widespread learning task solving and quick copying in the case of the emergence of new jobs. Not shown the ability to publish new textbooks in applying active methods lectures, due to these facilities benefi ts the Internet. The prevalence of false information on the Internet. The question of providing students with the information as it is fi nished, it is shown that in some cases it is not advisable to do. It is said that the publication of the full study guides is suitable only in the case when it comes to the basic disciplines, in other cases it is doubtful. Analyzed the shortcomings of such methods of struggle with the designated program to identify factors such as plagiarism, limiting the exchange of scientifi c and methodological experience. Revealed such disadvantages of using plagiarism detection software as programs to combat the use of these programs, and others. It is shown that the use of new teaching jobs, may lead to the fact that completed assignments will be distributed by students via the Internet, and thus the depreciation of these tasks will occur. Revealed the following pattern of use of new teaching jobs in higher education: the more effective is the learning task, the greater the likelihood that it will be devalued. The question required a waiver of such types of learning tasks as translation work, which is due to the fact that students are copying term papers or materials to them without even reading them. The ways of using reports and abstracts that allow overcome the negative trend. It is shown that the use of the Internet actually blocks the exchange of scientifi c and methodological experience. Having analyzed the relevant use of the Internet in higher education some didactic principles. It is shown that the use of the Internet is contrary to this principle as a selflearning, so that students copy information even acquainted with its content. The principle of science, because the Internet is full of inaccurate, false information. Principle strength assimilation of knowledge, because the copy and sometimes not even scanned information is assimilated in any way. We offer ways to overcome the impact of these factors. It argued the need for specific additional studies designed to identify ways to combat negative trends of using the Internet in higher education and compliance of the use of the basic principles of didactics.
QUALITY OF KNOWLEDGE
The article expounds questions concerning Quality assurance of Higher education, related to the entry of Russia into the united European Higher Education Area. The main emphases is focused on the necessity to create the system for Quality assurance of Russian Higher education, which will be harmonized with European systems. Comparing of Russian and European approaches in Quality assurance of Higher education is drawn. Russian system of Quality assurance of Higher education is considered on four levels: State level, level of Higher educational institution, level of society and international level; for each level the main elements of a system are determined. Since the European approach separates the Quality assurance system into two levels, e.g. internal and external, a conversion to comparable levels is being proposed. Characteristics of EURopean ACcredited Engineer (EUR-ACE) Framework Standards are expounded. These Standards have been developed, fi rst of all, for facilitation of the procedure of acceptance of degrees and qualifi cations as well as Quality assurance of Study Programmes in European Higher Education Area. The comparison of requirements of Federal State Educational Standards for Higher education in Russian Federation and EUR-ACE Framework Standards is produced on the example of Masters’ Study programmes in Engineering. The comparison exposed similarities and, at the same time, considerable differences in examined approaches. So, the results of studies are formulated in different “coordinate systems”: according with kinds of activities in Federal State Educational Standards for Higher education, but according to the “cycle” of Engineering activity in EURACE Framework Standards. However, if the task for harmonization of standards (or requirements) could be considered out of just simple coincidence between their structures and/or definitions and terms, than the principle contradictions between European and Russian approaches in Quality assurance will not appear. It means that the ways of harmonization of European and Russian requirements to Study Programmes’ Quality assurance could be found. And the logical part of implementation of international Quality management schemes will be the accreditation of Russian Study programmes in international organizations and networks. In order to ensure the effectiveness of such tasks, it is necessary to develop an appropriate tools, which could help to formalize and systematize procedures of Study Programmes’ Quality assurance with a glance of requirements of European standards. The experience of St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU) on Quality assurance of Study Programmes is discussed, in particular: development and appraisal of Technique for monitoring of Study Programmes and of the Model for on-line Quality Assurance of Study Programmes with a glance of requirements of European standards, which have been created in frames of the project TEMPUS EQUASP («On-line (Electronic) Quality Assurance of Study Programmes») with participation of SPbPU. Implementation of proposed tools ensures the integrity and authenticity of information on all aspects of the realization of educational process, fulfi llment of all-European requirements on Study Programmes’ accreditation, harmonization of Russian and European Higher education systems, and, thus, forms the basis for Study Programmes’ accreditation in international organizations and networks. The Model for on-line Quality Assurance of Study Programmes is a powerful tool, which allows to bring the process of Quality Assurance of Study Programmes into accord with European standards and guidelines, to improve quality of Programmes, to increase their transparency and comparability.
EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
This article is devoted to innovative aspects of enhancement of management processes in a higher educational institution on the basis of application of modern information and communication technologies. Research purpose is development of theoretical provisions and practical recommendations about enhancement of management processes in higher education institution on the basis of application of information and communication technologies. This purpose has determined statement and the solution of the following tasks: to research theoretical essence and concept of corporate management of higher education institution; to determine the directions and forms of corporate management in higher education institution; to reveal feature of corporate management processes in higher education institutions; to determine the factors constraining implementation of the corporate principles of management of higher education institution; to develop technology of use of corporate mail of higher education institution on the basis of application of the program MS Outlook complex and a security system of Kerio Control. In the course of research methods of the economic, historical and logical analysis, system approach, a method of analogies, methods of generalization, method of expert evaluations, SWOT analysis, etc. were applied. Applied researches on this problem, and also practical experience of the Tashkent state economic university are used. During writing of article the results containing elements of scientifi c novelty are received: author’s defi nition «corporate management in higher education institution» on macro and microlevels is given. At the macrolevel – this state regulation, support and assistance of processes of implementation, transformation and adaptation of methods, models and the best practices (practice) of corporate management to the sphere of the higher education, increase of degree of autonomy of higher education institutions and sale of mechanisms of public-private partnership for the purpose of increase of social effi ciency and responsibility of the parties. At the microlevel – this use of the mechanisms of effective corporate management providing coordination of interests of the entities and organizations and creation of the conditions for long-term cooperation about business by community promoting a performance of the mission of higher education institution and maintenance of the academic values of the higher education; the directions of corporate management in higher education institution are determined; the features of corporate management processes consisting in ambivalence of their influence on the high school environment both with positive, and from negative sides are revealed; the factors constraining processes of forming of corporate management in higher education institution at various stages which elimination creates bases for search of new allowances of successful functioning of higher education institutions in the conditions of the increasing complexity, uncertainty and dynamism of external environment are determined. Zones of tripartite interests of the state, business and higher education institution in the course of integration of education, science and innovations are revealed. This research is directed to systematization and development of theoretical bases of the concept of corporate management in higher education institution. The received results can be used in activities of governing bodies, business by structures, professional and higher educational institutions as a basis for development of recommendations about development and enhancement of management processes based on application of information and communication technologies.
The distance education contributes to the solution of educational problems of disabled persons. The study of foreign experience is extremely important. North American universities saved up a wide experience in this sphere. Unlike self-made software products created by many Russian universities, Blackboard is the leading educational software package that professionally helps to solve educational problems of disabled persons. The international University of the Arctic has a growing interest in the use of information communication technologies and open educational resources and networks. In 2008 the subject network of University of the Arctic on distance education and e-learning began to function. The Internet and distance learning creates a new opportunity for disabled persons. Main goal: Whether distance education on Alaska and in Northern and Siberian regions of the Russian Federation promotes the solution of educational problems of the North for disabled persons. Main research problems: to reveal modern educational Arctic problems for disabled persons; to analyse specifics of remote education; to analyse a question of distance training of the circumpolar North; to carry out the comparative analysis of distance training on Alaska and in Russian northern and the Siberian regions; to analyse a contribution of distance training to wider problems of the Arctic policy and management. Relevance of work: The Arctic Human Development Report I specifi es that there are very few circumpolar researches in the fi eld of education, including for disabled persons. This article can begin initial discussion of a subject which can be in addition studied in future works. An emerging trend for Arctic education is its increasing accessibility. Accessibility is about students being able to take classes and fulfi ll their potential, that is, it concerns their possibilities for attending school, both physically and culturally. Even though this increased accessibility of education is occurring in some places, it is not unique to the North. Rather, it is a refl ection of changes that have occurred in urbanized areas around the world, where population growth, increased living standards, modernity, and technology have been transforming schools for the past fi fty years (AHDR I, Arctic Human Development Report I). The basis of researches consists of research works and conferences on distance training for disabled persons in the Arctic; the legal acts created by the international organizations, the American and Russian departments; the websites with information on the Russian and American universities. The international, Russian and American legislation, statistical sources, mass media concerning educational policy for disabled persons.
The aim of the study is the statistical description of the random factors of the self-educationт process, namely that stage of the process of continuous education, in which there is no meaningful impact on the student’s educational organization and the development of algorithms for estimating these factors. It is assumed that motivations of self-education are intrinsic factors that characterize the individual learner and external, associated with the changing environment and emerging challenges. Phenomena available for analysis a self-learning process (observed data) are events relevant to this process, which are modeled by points on the time axis, the number and position of which is assumed to be random. Each point can be mapped with the unknown and unobserved random or nonrandom factor (parameter) which affects the intensity of formation of dots. The purpose is to describe observable and unobservable data and developing algorithms for optimal evaluation. Further, such evaluations can be used for the individual characteristics of the process of self-study or for comparison of different students. For the analysis of statistical characteristics of the process of selfeducation applied mathematical apparatus of the theory of point random processes, which allows to determine the key statistical characteristics of unknown random factors of the process of self-education. The work consists of a logically complete model including the following components.
• Study the basic statistical model of the appearance of points in the process of self-education in the form of a Poisson process, the only characteristic is the intensity of occurrence of events
• Methods of testing the hypothesis about Poisson distribution of observed events.
• Generalization of the basic model to the case where the intensity function depends on the time and unknown factor (variable) can be both random and not random. Such factors are interpreted as motivational factors, as directly affect the intensity of formation of dots.
• Generalization of the basic model of a different type, when each random event is attributed to random or non-random number. These numbers are interpreted as a resource (price), which is consumed with the appearance of each event and are mapped to external factors selflearning process.
For each private model provided optimal algorithms for estimating the relevant factors according to selected criteria, in the simplest cases, the analytical expressions are indicated. It is shown that for a random parameter that is not time-dependent sufficient statistics is the number of points on the observation interval, and for time-varying random parameter, we apply the algorithm of optimal linear fi ltering. For external factors of self-educationт process, expressions for mathematical expectation and dispersion are obtained.. Considered a numerical example of application of the theory, including computational experiment. The use of mathematical apparatus of random point processes allows us to formulate the model of the random factors of the process of selfeducation in the form of random sequence of points which are identified with some of the events that accompany the process of self-education. The fruitfulness of the approach is confi rmed by the fact that algorithms to determine all the basic statistical characteristics of all the considered types of random processes of the occurrence of events are indicated and for simple cases analytical expressions are obtained.
NEW TECHNOLOGIES
The introduction in the educational process of database design CASEtechnologies requires the institution of significant costs for the purchase of software. A possible solution could be the use of free software peers. At the same time this kind of substitution should be based on even-com representation of the functional characteristics and features of operation of these programs. The purpose of the article – a review of the free and non-profi t CASE-tools database design, as well as their classifi cation on the basis of the analysis functionality. When writing this article were used materials from the offi cial websites of the tool developers. Evaluation of the functional characteristics of CASEtools for database design made exclusively empirically with the direct work with software products. Analysis functionality of tools allow you to distinguish the two categories CASE-tools database design. The first category includes systems with a basic set of features and tools. The most important basic functions of these systems are: management connections to database servers, visual tools to create and modify database objects (tables, views, triggers, procedures), the ability to enter and edit data in table mode, user and privilege management tools, editor SQL-code, means export/import data. CASE-system related to the first category can be used to design and develop simple databases, data management, as well as a means of administration server database. A distinctive feature of the second category of CASE-tools for database design (full-featured systems) is the presence of visual designer, allowing to carry out the construction of the database model and automatic creation of the database on the server based on this model. CASE-system related to this categories can be used for the design and development of databases of any structural complexity, as well as a database server administration tool. The article concluded that the qualitative training of specialists in the field of information technology is impossible without an understanding of the students of the principles of construction of the database, practical development of modern methods of design and development database. Instrumental basis of database design information technology are modern CASE-tools. Today, on the software market presented a large number of commercial CASE-systems database design, which differ in their characteristics. The limiting factor is widely used in the Russian universities CASE-technologies database design is the high cost of the software. We have in its review of the free and non-profi t CASE-tools database design, their systematization to help teachers and students in the choice of available tools design and development database.
Purpose. The problem qualitative assessment of technologies and innovations, which cannot be solved without modern methods and decision support systems, is currently particularly relevant. The reason for this is the increasingly increasing amount of heterogeneous information, which should take into account the decision maker. Reduction of the allowable period of decision-making also has a signifi cant impact on this process. These reasons are refl ected in the problems of network-centric warfare, nuclear management, forecasting, and conceptual design. It actualizes the problem of the synthesis of new methods of decision-making that will effectively solve the problem of choice of alternatives in those problem areas where the application of existing methods of decision-making is unfounded or inadmissible. The complexity of the process of creation of new decision-making methods caused by the high degree of utilization of cognitive processes. In accordance with the system-wide development trends the designer in the process of synthesis of the decision-makings should take a system (or group of systems) which implements certain cognitive operations. The first step towards the creation of such a group of systems is the development of methodology of the system synthesis of decision-makings.
Materials and methods. The scope of research are approaches to the synthesis of systems, and in particular – the synthesis of decision-makings. On the basis of multidimensional analysis and generalization of approach the methodology was developed, which consists of the main stages - goal setting, goal achievement and variations of the target system. Within each of the stages a wide variation of operations is possible to be used, which applied depending on the available data, obtained from the analysis of the subject area. With the use of the methodology obtained a number of
decision-making methods, and their creation was carried out without the use of computer equipment, which require signifi cant time expenses on the development of appropriate solutions. Therefore, it was decided to develop an automated system to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of a number of methodology procedures.
Results.During the study were identifi ed use cases of the system, in accordance with which were formed the conceptual and technical architecture of the system, highlights the key subsystems of the reference data, knowledge about the methods of decision-making and synthesis strategies, and identifi es their development tools. As the database used by the DBMS MS SQL Server, as the client side – Borland Delphi.
Conclusion. Due to the high complexity of formalization of intellectual, creative, methodologies operations, the focus of automation is the support of conceptual analysis of the decisionmakings subject area and formation on its basis the knowledge base of intellectual operations together with their characteristic features, aimed to combine operations that make up the group of methods of synthesis strategies decision-making and implementation of the search function on the basis of a intellectual operations knowledge base.
RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
The article deals with topical issues of the using distance learning technologies, and blended model of studying foreign languages in universities. The authors investigated the possibility of distance learning technologies in the modern linguistic education. The practical side of blended model of foreign languages teaching is shown on the example of Learning Management System “Virtual Campus” at Plekhanov Russian University of economics and Moscow state university of economics, statistics and informatics.
The purpose of the research is the following: 1) to analyze advantages of virtual campus in the Russian education system in teaching foreign languages in universities; 2) to demonstrate the difference between distance and e-learning in teaching foreign languages; 3) to demonstrate what language and speech competencies are developed with an electronic campus; 4) to describe the virtual campus tools; 5) to conduct a pedagogical experiment demonstrating virtual campus opportunities in teaching foreign languages; 6) to prove an innovative character and productivity of a blended learning model in teaching foreign languages. Material of the research. As a material of the research were used the following: 1) records of the lessons in the virtual campus (forums, tests, written tasks, commentaries); 2) paper and electronic text books; 3) students’ and teachers’ polls; 4) the results of students’ testing.
Methods of the research. During the experiment the following methods were applied: descriptive, project, comparative and statistic methods.
The results of the research. The following results have been obtained during the experiment - an innovation character and the productivity of a blended model usage in teaching foreign languages in universities which can be demonstrated in the following have been proved: 1) in developing communicative and language competencies; 2) in developing an individual student trajectory; 3) in expanding active and passive student vocabulary; 4) in expanding a socio-cultural potential at the lesson; 5) in developing an intellectual potential at the lesson; 6) in the intensification of educational process.
Conclusions. 1. The usage of a blended learning project system based on а virtual campus raises the process of competencies development to a new level: 1) speech competencies (fi rst of all reading and writing); 2) language competencies (lexical and grammar); 3) cognitive с competencies. 2. We recommend a new blended learning system on the basis of a virtual campus in teaching foreign languages should be put into practice in education domain in Russian universities. 3. The usage of a blended learning system on the basis of a virtual campus in teaching foreign languages implies a change in a managerial approach in teachers’ activities. 4. The usage of a blended learning system in teaching foreign languages is feasible within a framework of a system approach in the education process.
ISSN 2079-5939 (Online)